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Ailmemts & Remedies

Abnormal Nipples

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There are two main types of nipple abnormality: retraction into the breast and disorders affecting the skin on or around the nipple. although these abnormalities are most often caused by minor problems that are easily treatable, any changes in the condition of the nipples should receive medical attention because, in rare cases, they may indicate breast cancer....click & see

Possible causes:
Inversion of the nipples may occur during puberty if the breasts do not develop properly. this type of inversion is usually harmless, although it may later make breast-feeding difficult. Nipple inversion may also occur in the previously normal breast as a result of inflammation of the milk ducts behind the nipple. This condition most often affects women who are breast-feeding. Changes in the structure of the breasts as they age may cause the nipple to be drawn into the breast in older women. Less commonly, nipple inversion that develops in adulthood may be due to breast cancer.

\Many women develop fine cracks and tender areas on their nipples during the first few weeks of breast-feeding. these cracks are most often the result of the baby not taking the whole nipple into his or her mouth properly when feeding. leaving your nipples wet after a feed can also cause them to become sore and cracked. cracked nipples often cause stabbing or burning pain as the baby starts or stops feeding and may become infected, causing inflammation of the breast tissue.

Dry, flaky patches of skin that occur on or around both nipples may be due to eczema. eczema is usually itchy and tends to occur in several sites on the body. however, occasionally, skin changes on the nipples that resemble eczema are in fact caused by paget’s disease of the breast, a rare form of cancer that originates in the milk ducts. unlike eczema, paget’s disease rarely develops on both nipples and does not heal. this type of breast cancer often causes soreness and bleeding from the nipple and is often associated with a breast lump.

What might be done?
Your doctor will examine your breasts, paying particular attention to your nipples. if nipple inversion has occurred in adulthood but is not related to breast-feeding, your doctor may arrange for ultrasound scanning or breast x-rays to look for breast abnormalities. if a breast lump is found, cells or fluid may be taken from it using a needle and syringe and examined under the microscope for cancerous cells. If you have a persistent rash on or around a nipple, your doctor may take a skin sample to look for cancerous cells.

Occasionally, it is possible to correct nipple inversion that has been present since puberty by gently drawing the nipples out between your thumb and forefinger every day for several weeks. Suction devices, such as nipple shells, which are temporarily worn in your bra, can also help draw out the nipple.

If your nipples have become cracked, washing and drying them carefully and applying a moisturize may help. make sure that you wash the moisturizer off before breast-feeding. You should also avoid plastic-lined breast pads which may become damp and encourage infection. infection is usually treated with antibiotics and eczema can be improved by hydrocortisone cream.

If cancer of the breast is discovered, you will be referred to a specialist for treatment, and further tests, including blood tests and x-rays, may be done to find out if the cancer has spread to other body organs. if paget’s disease is diagnosed, the affected skin will be surgically removed along with surrounding tissue. if a lump is present, treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

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Disclaimer: This information is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advise or help. It is always best to consult with a Physician about serious health concerns. This information is in no way intended to diagnose or prescribe remedies.

Resources: http://www.charak.com

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News on Health & Science

Grapefruit raises breast cancer risk

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Grapefruit may help keep heart and gum diseases at bay, but a new study has found that it can be dangerous for women, as it increases the risk of breast cancer by almost a third.

Researchers believe that this happens because eating the fruit can give the levels of oestrogen – the hormone associated with the risk of breast cancer – a boost.

The findings were based on a study carried out by researchers at the universities of Southern California and Hawaii that included more than 50,000 post-menopausal women from five ethnic groups.

The group included 1,657 women who were suffering from breast cancer.

The researchers found that eating as little as a quarter of the fruit can increase the danger by 30 percent in women.

“This is the first report of a commonly consumed food that may increase the risk of breast cancer among post-menopausal women,” the Daily Mail quoted the researchers, as saying.

“Whole grapefruit intake was significantly associated with breast cancer in the present study – generally a 30 per cent increase among women who consume the equivalent of one quarter of a grapefruit or more per day.

“There is evidence that grapefruit increases plasma oestrogen concentrations.

“Since it is well established that oestrogen is associated with breast cancer risk, it is plausible that regular intake of grapefruit would increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer,” they added.

The study and its findings are published in the British Journal of Cancer.

Source:The Times Of India

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Ailmemts & Remedies

Woman Breast Pain

click & seeBreast pain can range from mild tenderness to a dull ache to a stabbing sensation in the breasts (milk-producing glands composed of fat and other tissue). According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services  Office on Women’s Health, approximately 50 percent of all women experience breast pain at some point in their lives.

In most cases, breast pain is caused by hormonal changes, such as those associated with the onset of puberty, menstruation, menopause, pregnancy and breastfeeding. In addition, certain medications, such as antidepressants, cardiovascular agents or oral contraceptives (birth control pills), can cause breast pain. However, women should notify their physician immediately if they experience breast pain that is persistent, more intense than usual or recurrent, especially if it is exhibited in only one breast…..click & see

Diagnosis of breast pain typically begins with a complete medical history and physical examination. Treatment for breast pain is directly related to the cause of the pain. For less serious causes of breast pain, treatment may be as simple as wearing a support bra or taking a pain reliever. For more severe cases of breast pain, there are medications that can relieve the discomfort. For women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, all drugs should be approved by a physician prior to use to avoid possible harm to the baby.
About breast pain
Breasts are milk-producing glands that are made up of fat and other tissue, including nerves, blood vessels and milk ducts (small tube-like paths). Breast pain can occur in a variety of forms – from a slight tenderness to a dull ache to a stabbing pain. Approximately half of all women experience breast pain at some point in their lives, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services  Office on Women’s Health.

The medical terms for breast pain include mastalgia, mastodynia and mammalgia. It is usually caused by normal hormonal changes in a woman’s body, such as those associated with menstruation. Because of its strong association with hormones, breast pain or tenderness is more common in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Some experts believe that stress can be another factor that affects the development and severity of breast pain. Other conditions that commonly cause breast pain include:

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Fibrocystic breast changes
Breast cysts (fluid-filled sacs inside the breast)
Breast infection (mastitis)
Injury or trauma to the breast
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Water retention (common during menstruation)
Surgery to the breast (e.g., breast implants)


Other, less common conditions that can cause breast pain include:

Poorly fitting bra or uncomfortable clothing
Medications, such as antidepressants, cardiovascular agents or oral contraceptives
Excessive caffeine consumption
Breast cancer
Nipple piercing that becomes infected
Mondor’s disease (a blood clot in the breast)
Liver damage from alcoholism
Shingles
Arthritis or a pinched nerve in the neck area
Inflammation of a rib joint
Muscle pulls or strains
Source:www.healthline.com

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News on Health & Science

SHOULD YOUNG WOMEN GET MAMMOGRAMS?

Research from The Lancet questions the benefit of women starting annual mammograms at age 40. New data from a large United Kingdom study of more than 160,000 women finds that mammogram screening in younger women may provide little benefit in terms of reducing breast cancer risk, while at the same time exposing women to more radiation and the possibility of false alarms. Overall, women in the 40s who received mammograms saw a small drop in breast cancer deaths, around 17 percent, a figure that was not statistically different from chance. Also, 23 percent of the women had at least one false alarm   higher than the rate of 12 percent seen in women in their 50s. A related editorial says that it’s not clear that women in the 40s get a net benefit from mammogram screening because the potential harms may offset any benefit, and that women should decide individually whether they want the peace of mind from screening or the possibility of unnecessary radiation exposure from additional mammograms.

Source:   ABC News

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News on Health & Science

Breast cancer strikes younger women too.

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How to spot signs of trouble: In November 1999, Jennifer Johnson seemed to be living her dream. She was 27 years old, happily married to her college sweetheart and expecting her first child. Johnson also tried to give back to her community by volunteering for the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. Because of that work, she understood the importance of monthly breast self-exams. Though breast cancer is unusual in young women, she was vigilant about the task. And that was how, one day in the shower, she found what she describes as a “rock” in her left breast. It was a devastating discovery  and it also saved her life.

A biopsy revealed that Johnson had invasive ductal carcinoma, which means that malignant cells had formed in a milk duct and then spread. Her tumor measured 3.5 centimeters (about 1.4 inches), she says. Once she had gotten over the initial shock of her diagnosis and begun treatment, Johnson met and joined forces with three other young women fighting breast cancer: Patti Balwanz, Jana Peters and Kim Carlos. They formed their own private support group, meeting regularly for lunch at the Nordstrom’s store near their Kansas City homes. The friendship inspired their moving new book, “Nordie’s at Noon,” published this month by Da Capo Press. “We felt such comfort in being able to talk to each other and share our stories,” says Carlos. “We felt there weren’t enough resources out there for young women.”

Breast cancer is generally considered an older women’s disease; the median age of diagnosis is 63. But younger women are not immune. In fact, according to the National Cancer Institute, one in 229 women in their 30s will be diagnosed with a malignancy in their breasts. Young women also have special concerns that don’t affect older breast cancer patients. If they haven’t had children, they worry that chemotherapy or radiation will send them into early menopause. If they  are single and dating, they may have to contend with feeling less attractive after surgery. Breast cancer in younger women tends to be more aggressive, which makes early diagnosis all the more critical. But getting that early diagnosis is often difficult. In general, women with no special risk factors for breast cancer don’t start getting mammograms, the most widely used screening, until they’re in their 40s. (Before then, younger women’s denser breast tissue makes mammograms less reliable.)

Even if women do notice something suspicious during a self-exam, doctors don’t always take their complaints seriously. “The doctor will say, ‘Oh, let’s just watch that lump for three or six months or a year and see what happens’,” says Carlos. That often means that young women are diagnosed at a later stage and face a grimmer prognosis. In fact, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women aged 15 to 54, according to the National Cancer Institute. However, if the tumor is detected early enough, the odds are good: 83 percent of women under 45 whose cancers are found early will survive for at least five years.

Without mammograms, what’s the best tool for spotting signs of trouble? All four of the Nordie’s authors found lumps themselves. But among breast cancer groups, there is disagreement over whether self-exams should be included in screening recommendations; studies have not proven that the exams reduce deaths. However, no one disputes that self-exams help you become aware of the geography of your breast so you can detect any abnormalities early on. “The most important thing is to understand what kind of lumps or bumps are normal for you and if something is different, you need to consult a doctor,” says Randi Rosenberg, a founding member and former president of the Young Survival Coalition, a network of young breast cancer survivors(www.youngsurvival.org) (For tips on how to check your breasts, go to the Komen Foundation site,www.komen.org   and click on the breast-self exam link.)

(As published in the Newsweek)

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