Categories
Healthy Tips

Check Your Breasts for Cancer

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Cancer. The word is derived from “crab” and conjures up visions of multiple tentacles insidiously spreading all over the body. Unfortunately, the vision includes undiagnosed, undetected, untreated versions of the dreaded disease.

Women in India are prone to cervical (lower end of the uterus) and breast cancer. A vaccine (HPV or human papillovirus vaccine) was recently introduced to reduce the incidence of cancer of the cervix. However, there is no vaccine to prevent breast cancer. One in 22 women in India are projected to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the course of their lifetime. The incidence varies from eight per 1,00,000 women in rural India to 27 per 1,00,000 women in urban areas. Breast cancer is not a disease confined to women; in rare occasions, it can occur in men too.

Lumps in the breast can be felt when they are pea sized. The tissue feels different, and is firmer and harder than in the surrounding areas. Later the skin over the lump may be discoloured or thickened (resembling an orange peel). Also, there may be retraction (pulling inward) of the nipple.

Many lumps are harmless non-cancerous fibroadenomas. Others are not real lumps but nodular breasts reflecting the hormonal changes that occur during the course of a normal menstrual cycle. All lumps, however, must be taken seriously and evaluated as soon as they appear.

Evaluation of a breast lump is usually done with a mammogram or an ultrasound examination. Once the position has been accurately localised, the lump is aspirated with a fine needle. Cells obtained during the procedure are used to diagnose the nature of the lump. Depending on the diagnosis, the breast is operated. This is followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy.

Breast cancer can occur at any age, though it is less common under the age of 25 years. The exact mechanism which sets in motion the changes responsible for breast cancer is not known. Certain environmental and genetic factors are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

• Long years of menstruation with early menarche (less than 12) and late menopause (over 55)

• Delayed childbirth

• Failure to breast-feed children

• Breast or ovarian cancer in first degree relatives

• Smoking and drinking alcohol

• Obesity

• Cancer elsewhere and exposure to radiation

• Post menopausal hormone replacement therapy for more than four years.

In developed countries, the majority of cases is discovered by routine screening, even before a lump is palpable. In India, by the time the patient arrives for an evaluation, the cancer has usually spread locally. This is unfortunate as a 20-year survival is found in 90 per cent of patients if the tumour diameter is less than 1cm. Early detection and diagnosis are therefore of paramount importance.

One of the most useful tools for early detection is breast self examination. It is simple, easy and sensitive. It can be done in five steps, preferably on the same day every month. This is to negate any changes in consistency because of hormonal effects.

………….breast_self_test

Step 1: Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror, uncovered, with your shoulders straight and arms on your hips. Check that the breasts are their usual size, shape and colour. There should be no visible distortion or swelling. The danger signs are dimpling, puckering, bulging of the skin, redness, soreness, rash or swelling, or a nipple that has changed position.

Step 2: Look for the same changes with raised arms.

Step 3: Gently squeeze each nipple between your finger and thumb and check for nipple discharge.

Step 4: Next, feel your breasts while lying down, using your right hand to feel your left breast and then your left hand to feel your right breast. Use a firm, smooth touch with the first few fingers of your hand, keeping the fingers flat and together. Cover the entire breast from top to bottom, side to side from the armpit to the cleavage. Follow a pattern to be sure that you cover the whole breast.

5. Begin examining each area with a very soft touch, and then increase pressure so that you can feel the deeper tissue, down to your ribcage.

Step 5: Finally, feel your breasts while you are standing or sitting.
:-

Mammograms can detect tumours before they are felt with the hand. After the age of 45 years, they should ideally be done every two years. In case of any abnormality, see a competent surgeon immediately. The process may be expensive, but is well worth the cost.

A few lifestyle changes can reduce your risk of developing breast cancer.

• Maintain a BMI (weight in kg / height in metre squared) of around 23

• Reduce the intake of fat

• Eat five helpings of fruits or vegetables a day

• Regular exercise (jogging, cycling swimming, running) for 45 minutes at least four times a week has a positive effect on the immune system.

You may click to see:-

10 tips to reduce Cancer risk
Aspirin reduces Breast Cancer Risk by 20%
Red wine improves cancer prognosis

Source: The Telegraph (Kolkata, India)

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Categories
Health Quaries

Some Health Quaries & Answers

Varicose Veins.:-
Q: I am 71 years old and have varicose veins in both legs. They ache, pain, prick and cause me a great deal of trouble. I wear the prescribed stockings but in summer the legs itch unbearably. I take precautions like not standing in one place for a long time. I also keep my feet elevated while lying down. I cannot sleep because of the pain. I saw an advertisement for natural treatment. What should I do?

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A: Compression stockings are effective if used properly. They have to be put on the first thing in the morning and then worn all day. They act by steadily squeezing the leg muscles so that the blood in the veins moves more efficiently. If the pain remains unbearable despite this, there are several surgical treatment options like laser, stripping, clipping, and endoscopic surgery.

Advertisements claiming “unique”, “permanent” or “painless” non-surgical methods or alternative medications to cure varicose veins may seem appealing. But it pays to be a cautious. The results are often unsatisfactory. Clarify health risks, the possible side effects and costs before actually undergoing any procedure or taking any non-prescribed medication.

Cervical cancer:
Q: My mother has cervical cancer and I am worried that I may get it too. What can I do?

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A: Breast and ovarian cancers are associated with changes in certain genes (BRAC1 and BRAC2) which can be inherited, but cervical cancer does not fall in this category. It does not run in families. The main risk factors for the development of this cancer are sex at a young age, multiple partners, smoking and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).

• The best protections against cervical cancer are:

• protected sex using a condom

• not smoking

• having a regular cervical smear (pap smear) once every three years if you are under 50 and every five years after that.

Immunisation against HPV is now available and can be given from the age of nine years.

You may click to see:->Womens Health Issues

Try IVF
Q: I have been married for nine years and am 33 years old. I was found to have bilateral hydrosalpinx. I want to conceive. Doctors are suggesting IVF ( in vitro fertilisation) by clipping both the fallopian tubes. Is there any other way?

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A: The fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus. In bilateral hydrosalpinx, both the fallopian tubes are blocked with fluid. This greatly reduces the chances of a normal pregnancy. If an egg is fertilised, there is a good chance that it may be unable to proceed further and remain and develop in the tube itself. This is called an ectopic pregnancy and is dangerous. By clipping the tubes and placing the fertilised egg directly in the uterus, the doctor is ensuring that this does not occur and that the pregnancy proceeds smoothly.

You may click to see:->http://hissciibbio.tumblr.com/

Delayed urination
Q: I cannot urinate immediately when I feel like doing so. There is a delay during which I have to strain and concentrate. There is no pain. I did not have this problem earlier. I was told that I have developed a large bladder capacity and that there was no need to worry.

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A: The bladder does not suddenly enlarge. It is likely to do so if there is an obstruction, like an enlarged prostrate, in the outflow tract.

Straining to pass urine shows that this must be the case. It can eventually cause a backward flow of urine into the ureters (tubes arising from the kidney) from the bladder. This will cause urinary tract infection. The condition needs further investigation, with an ultrasound of the abdomen and X-rays. It cannot be dismissed lightly. You need to see an urologist.

You may click to see:->Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bald dad
Q: I am a 19-year-old girl and my 50-year-old father has got a bald patch over his head. Will I develop one too?

A: Baldness occurs through the expression of a gene carried on the X chromosome. Women receive two X chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother. Even if one chromosome (from the father) carries the gene for baldness, it is balanced by the other normal gene. Women are also protected to some extent by their female hormones. They can become bald or lose hair after menopause if both their X chromosomes carry the baldness gene. It is usually a much milder form than that which occurs in men.

Can’t eat bananas :-
Q: My 17-year-old daughter always has palpitations if she is forced to eat bananas. Why?

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A: Bananas contain a chemical called serotonin. Some people can have an allergic reaction to serotonin and develop symptoms like abdominal pain, cramping and palpitations. Most food allergy or food intolerance reactions usually happen within a few minutes to a few hours after eating. Most mild to moderate reactions last less than a day. Sensitivity and its symptoms can increase over time unless bananas are avoided.

Sources: The Telegraph (Kolkata, India)

 
Categories
News on Health & Science

Will It Kill You? New Charts Tell You the Odds

A 55-year-old man who smokes is as likely to die in the next 10 years as a 65-year-old who has never smoked. Less than 1 woman in 1,000 younger than 50 will die in the next decade from cervical cancer.

……….

New risk charts in a paper published in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute provide a broader perspective than most of the risk calculators on the Internet. They cover the risks for 10 different causes of death, and for all causes combined, while differentiating by age and between smokers, nonsmokers and former smokers.

People are often presented with statistics intended to frighten them about a particular disease. But a disease may present a large risk to some and very little to others. These charts can allow you to find out what your own odds really are.

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Categories
Ailmemts & Remedies

Wart

Alternative Names :
Plane juvenile warts; Periungual warts; Subungual warts; Plantar warts; Verruca; Verrucae planae juveniles; Filiform warts; Verruca vulgaris

Definition:
Warts are small, usually painless growths on the skin caused by a virus. They are generally harmless. However, warts can be disfiguring and embarrassing, and occasionally they itch or hurt (particularly on the feet).

It is generally a small, rough tumor, typically on hands and feet, that can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister. Warts are common, and are caused by a viral infection, specifically by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are contagious when in contact with the skin of another. It is also possible to get warts from using towels or other objects. They typically disappear after a few months but can last for years and can recur. A few papilloma viruses are known to cause cervical cancer.

Types of Wort:

A range of different types of wart has been identified, varying in shape and site affected, as well as the type of human papillomavirus involved.

These include:

(YOU MAY CLICK TO SEE THE PICTURES)

*Common wart (Verruca vulgaris): a raised wart with roughened surface, most common on hands and knees.

Common wart> CLICK & SEE
*Flat wart (Verruca plana):
a small, smooth flattened wart, tan or flesh coloured, which can occur in large numbers; most common on the face, neck, hands, wrists and knees

.Flat wart>...CLICK & SEE

*Genital wart (venereal wart, Condyloma acuminatum, Verruca acuminata):They are usually found on the genitals, in the pubic area, and the area between the thighs, but can appear inside the vagina and anal canal.

Genital.wart>...CLICK & SEE

*Plantar warts (verruca, Verruca pedis): a hard sometimes painful lump, often with multiple black specks in the center; usually only found on pressure points on the soles of the feet.

Plantar wart>CLICK & SEE


*Subungual and periungual warts
appear under and around the fingernails or toenails .

Subungual wart >CLICK & SEE

*Filiform or digitate wart: a thread- or finger-like wart, most common on the face, especially near the eyelids and lips.

A filiform wart on the eyelid.>..CLICK & SEE

*Mosaic wart: a group of tightly clustered plantar-type warts, commonly on the hands or soles of the feet…..CLICK & SEE

Causes:
The typical wart is a raised round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Compared with the surrounding normal skin, warts may appear light, dark, or black (rare). Most adults are familiar with the look of a typical wart and have little trouble recognizing them. Unusual warts with smooth surfaces or flat warts in children may be more difficult for parents to recognize.

Common warts tend to cause no discomfort unless they are in areas of repeated friction or pressure. Plantar warts, for example, can become extremely painful. Large numbers of plantar warts on the foot may cause difficulty running and even walking.

Warts around and under your nails are much more difficult to cure than warts elsewhere.

Some warts will disappear without treatment, although it can sometimes take a couple years. Treated or not, warts that go away often reappear. Genital warts are quite contagious, while common, flat, and plantar warts are much less likely to spread from person to person. All warts can spread from one part of your own body to another.

Because people generally consider warts unsightly and there is often a social stigma, treatment is often sought.
Symptoms :

*Small, hard, flat or raised skin lesion or lump

*Abnormally dark or light skin surrounding the lesion

*Numerous small, smooth, flat (pinhead sized) lesions on forehead, cheeks, arms, or legs

*Rough, round, or oval lesions on soles of feet — flat to slightly raised — painful to pressure

*Rough growths around or under fingernails or toenails

Diagnosis:
Exams and Tests
Warts can generally be diagnosed simply by their location and appearance. Your doctor may want to cut into a wart (called a biopsy) to confirm that it is not a corn, callus, or other similar-appearing growth.

Treatment:
Prescription
Treatments that may be prescribed by a medical professional include:

*Keratolysis, removal of dead surface skin cells usually using salicylic acid, blistering agents, immune system modifiers (“immunomodulators”), or formaldehyde.

*Cryosurgery, which involves freezing the wart (generally with liquid nitrogen), creating a blister between the wart and epidermal layer,after which the wart and surrounding dead skin falls off by itself.

*Surgical curettage of the wart.

*Laser treatment.

*Imiquimod, a topical cream that helps the body’s immune system fight the wart virus by encouraging interferon production.

*Candida injections at the site of the wart, which also stimulate the body’s immune system.

*Cantharidin, a chemical found naturally in many members of the beetle family Meloidae which causes dermal blistering…...CLICK & SEE
Two viral warts on a middle finger, being treated with a mixture of acids (like salicylic acid) to remove them. A white precipitation forms on the area where the product was applied.

The wart often regrows after the skin has healed.One review of 52 clinical trials of various cutaneous wart treatments concluded that topical treatments containing salicylic acid were the best supported, with an average cure rate of 75% observed with salicylic acid compared with 48% for placebo in six placebo-controlled trials including a total of 376 participants. The reviewers also concluded that there was little evidence of a significant benefit of Cryotherapy over placebo or no treatment.

Over-the-counter
There are several over-the-counter options. The most common ones involve salicylic acid. These products are readily available at drugstores and supermarkets. There are typically two types of products: adhesive pads treated with salicylic acid or a bottle of concentrated salicylic acid solution. Removing a wart with salicylic acid requires a strict regimen of cleaning the area, applying the acid, and removing the dead skin with a pumice stone or emery board. It may take up to 12 weeks to remove a wart.

Another over-the-counter product that can aid in wart removal is silver nitrate in the form of a caustic pencil, which is also available at drug stores. This method generally takes three to six daily treatments to be effective. The instructions must be followed to minimize staining of skin and clothing.

Over-the-counter cryosurgery kits are also available, however they can often cost three times as much as the previously named products.Like prescription treatments, over-the-counter treatments usually require multiple applications and are only necessary if the warts are problematic. Additionally, these treatments are capable of destroying healthy skin as well as warts, so caution must be exercised by those attempting them without medical supervision.

Household remedies
Duct tape occlusion therapy involves placing a piece of duct tape (or medical tape) over the affected area for a week at a time. The procedure is otherwise identical to that of using salicylic acid adhesive pads. One study by Focht et al. found that the duct tape method was 85% effective, compared to a 60% success rate in the study’s cryotherapy group. Another study by Wenner and coworkers, however, found no statistically significant effect in a double-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial in 90 adults when duct tape was compared to moleskin.There was no statistically significant difference for resolution of the target wart between patients treated with moleskin versus patients treated with duct tape. Eight of 39 patients [21%] in the treatment group vs 9 of 41 patients in the control group [22%] had complete resolution of the target wart. Fewer of the patients achieving resolution of their wart in the moleskin group had recurrence of their wart. Of the patients who had complete resolution, 6 (75%) in the treatment group and 3 (33%) in the control group had recurrence of the target wart by the sixth month. “Whether or not the standard type of duct tape is effective is up in the air,” said co-author

Dr. Rachel Wenner of the University of Minnesota, who started the new study as a medical student. “Theoretically, the rubber adhesive could somehow stimulate the immune system or irritate the skin in a different manner.”Other household remedies include the application of common household items. These include various fruits and vegetables such
as a bruised garlic, banana skin, unskinned potatoes, potato or cauliflower or tomato juice, or other food products like green tea, vinegar, salt, or vegemite. Other common household products used include rubbing alcohol, hot water and washing liquid, aerosol sprays or compressed air, and tempera paint. Oils and saps from milkweed, dandelion, and poison ivy, tea tree, Thuja occidentalis, and fig trees have also been used. Accounts vary in regards to how long these remedies must be applied with each session and how long they take to work.

As there have been no controlled studies for most household remedies, it is impossible to know if warts that disappear after such treatments do so because the treatment was effective, or because warts often disappear due to the individual’s own immune system regardless of treatment. The evidence that hypnosis may effectively treat warts suggests that the condition may be amenable to the placebo effect, that is, that belief in a remedy rather than any property of the remedy itself is what’s effective.

Some household remedies are potentially dangerous. These include attempts to cut or burn away the warts. Incense is sometimes used in Asian countries to burn warts. These methods are very painful, and can lead to infection and/or permanent scarring.

Prognosis:
Warts are generally harmless growths that often go away on their own within two years. They can be contagious, but transmission from person to person is uncommon. Warts may be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially on the feet.

Possible Complications:
*Spread of warts
*Return of warts that disappeared
*Minor scar formation if the wart is removed
*Formation of keloids after removal

Call for an appointment with your doctor if:
*There are signs of infection (red streaking, pus, discharge, or fever) or bleeding. Warts can bleed a little, but if bleeding is significant or not easily stopped by light pressure, see a doctor.

*The wart does not respond to self-care and you want it removed.

*You have pain associated with the wart.

*You have anal or genital warts.

*You have diabetes or a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) and have developed warts.

*There is any change in the color or appearance of the wart.

Prevention:
Avoid direct skin contact with a wart on someone else.
After filing your wart, wash the file carefully since you can spread the virus to other parts of your body.
After touching any of your warts, wash your hands carefully.

Disclaimer: This information is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advise or help. It is always best to consult with a Physician about serious health concerns. This information is in no way intended to diagnose or prescribe remedies.This is purely for educational purpose.

Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wart
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000885.htm

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Categories
Ailmemts & Remedies

Cervical Dysplasia

Alternative Names: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); Precancerous changes of the cervix
Definition:Cervical dysplasia is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix. Although this is not cancer, this is considered a pre-cancerous condition. Depending on the extent of changes, the condition is further categorized as:

CIN I — mild dysplasia (a few cells are abnormal)
CIN II — moderate to marked dysplasia
CIN III — severe dysplasia to carcinoma-in-situ (cancer confined to the surface layer of the cervix)

click to see…>....…(01)..…....(1).…....(2).…....(3).……..(4)…..

In some women, the cells of the cervix gradually change from normal to a cancerous state. The condition between these two extremes, when the cells are abnormal with the potential to become cancerous, is known as cervical dysplasia. There are three grades of dysplasia: mild, moderate, and severe. mild dysplasia may return to a normal state, but severe dysplasia may progress to cancer of the cervix if not treated.

Many developed countries, including the US, have established screening programs to check for cervical dysplasia using the pap test. Regular testing, which helps ensure that cervical dysplasia is diagnosed and treated at an early stage before the abnormal cells become cancerous, has led to a dramatic fall in the total number of cases of cancer of the cervix.

Causes: The exact cause of cervical dysplasia is not known, but a number of different risk factors have been identified. for

example, the risk of developing cervical dysplasia appears to be slightly higher after exposure to those types of human

papilloma virus that cause genital warts. other risk factors for the development of cervical dysplasia include unprotected

sex at an early age, and becoming pregnant before age 20. however, exactly how these risk factors are connected to cervical

dysplasia is unknown. smoking also increases the risk of developing cervical dysplasia.

Less than 5% of all Pap smear test results find cervical dysplasia. While the cause is unknown, a number of risk factors have

been identified. Most cases occur in women aged 25 to 35.

Other risk factors include:

Multiple sexual partners
Starting sexual activity before age 18
Having children before age 16
DES exposure
Having had sexually transmitted diseases, especially HPV (genital warts) or HIV infection .

Symptoms: There are usually no symptoms.

Diagnosis: Cervical dysplasia does not produce symptoms. the condition is only normally diagnosed after a pap test, during which a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and sent for examination under a microscope. If you are found to have abnormal cells, your doctor may arrange for you to have a colposcopy, so that the cervix can be seen through an instrument and examined for abnormal-looking areas. A small sample of tissue may also be removed from the cervix and examined under the microscope for abnormalities.

Exams and Tests:

A pelvic examination is usually normal.

The following tests may indicate cervical dysplasia:

Pap smear showing mild, moderate, marked, or severe dyspepsias.
Colposcopy revealing “white epithelium.” These are mosaic-like patterns on the surface of the cervix, caused by changes in the surface blood vessels.
Colposcopy-directed biopsy to confirm dyspepsias and the extent of cervical involvement.
Endocervical curettage to rule out involvement of the cervical canal.
Cone biopsy may be necessary to rule out invasive cancer.

Treatment:If you are diagnosed with cervical dysplasia, the treatment depends on the degree of abnormality cells revert to normal in up to 4 in 10 cases. however, the disorder will be monitored by pap tests every 6 months. If cervical dysplasia persists or worsens, treatment to destroy or remove the abnormal cells will be needed. after treatment you may have a bloodstained discharge for a few weeks.

The treatment depends on the degree of dysplasia. Mild dysplasia, which may go away on its own, usually involves careful observation with repeat Pap smears every 3 to 6 months. Other forms may require methods to destroy the abnormal tissue, including electrocauterization, cryosurgery, laser vaporization, or surgical removal.

Consistent follow-up, every 3 to 6 months or as prescribed, is essential.

Ayurvedic Recommended Therapy: Basti

Click to learn about Alternative Cervical Dysplasia Treatment…(1)….(2).………(3)

Click to learn about homeopathic medication for Cervical Dysplasia…….(1).…..(2)…..(3)

Prognosis: In many cases of cervical dysplasia, the cells of the cervix will return to normal after treatment. However, your condition will be monitored for the next few years to ensure that no further abnormalities develop. about 3 months after treatment, you will have a pap test and colposcopy, followed by regular pap tests every 6 months. The risk of developing cancer of the cervix is higher in cases of severe cervical dysplasia.
Nearly all cervical dysplasia can be cured with early identification, proper evaluation and treatment, and careful, consistent follow-up.

Without treatment, 30-50% cases of cervical dysplasia may progress to invasive cancer. The risk of cancer is higher for severe dysplasia (CIN III) that is not treated.

When to Contact your Medical Professional :
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you are a woman who is sexually active or aged 20 or older, and you have never had a pelvic examination and Pap smear.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have not had regular Pap smears at these intervals:

Every year initially
For women up to age 35 or 40: every 2-3 years after having three negative, consecutive annual Pap smear tests and a single sexual partner or no sexual partner
*Every year for women over age 35 or 40
*Every year for women who have had multiple sexual partners
*Every year for women who are taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
*Every 6 months for women who have a history of HPV (genital warts)
*Every year for DES daughters (women whose mothers took DES during the pregnancy)
The frequency recommended by your health care provider after an abnormal Pap smear or prior dysplasia

Prevention :
To reduce the chance of developing cervical dysplasia:

Wait until you are 18 or older before becoming sexually active
Practice monogamy and use condoms during intercourse

Disclaimer: This information is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advise or help. It is always best to consult with a Physician about serious health concerns. This information is in no way intended to diagnose or prescribe remedies.This is purely for educational purpose.

Resources:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001491.htm
http://www.charak.com/DiseasePage.asp?thx=1&id=200

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