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Aconitum falconeri

Biological Name: Aconitum falconeri
Family: Ranunculaceae
Subfamilia: Ranunculoideae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: Aconitum falconeri
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiospermae
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales
Tribus: Aconiteae
Other Names: Midhavis, Bis,Vatsnabh, Aconite, Monk’s Hood, Bikh, Meetha-tellia

Habitat : Available in the upper Himalayan region ,mostly grows in and around Nandadevi  hill areas.

Description:

click to see

Medicinal Uses:
It acts as an anti-inflammatory medicine, soothing diabetes symptoms, relieving the organism of excess liquid, preventing disease reappearance and serving as a pain relief. In case of overdose the plant is known to produce poisonous effect, act as a strong sedative and a drug.

You may click to see :New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum falconeri  :

Safety precautions:

WARNING! If not purified appropriately, can be life-threatening. People who have heart problems should not consume root extract. Headache is possible as a side effect. It’s highly recommended that you consult your health-care provider before using this plant. Use with extreme care or better find an alternative.

Disclaimer:
The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
http://www.oshims.com/herb-directory/a/aconite
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aconitum_falconeri

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Aconitum spicatum

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Botanical Name :Aconitum spicatum
Family: Ranunculaceae
Subfamily: Ranunculoideae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: Aconitum spicatum
Tribus: Aconiteae
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiospermae
Cladus: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Common Name :Bish, Bikh
Trade Names: Kalo-Bikh, Bikh, Bachnag,

Habitat :Kanchenjunga Conservation Area ,Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve ,Mahananda-Neora Valley  ,Singhalila National Park and Singhalila-Senchal.At Altitude (meter):  1800 to 4300

Description:
It is a perinneal herb.Bushy plants of gray-green divided foliage and pale violet blooms brushed with a metallic silver sheen, blooms mid summer to early fall, grows 36-40 inches.

CLICK TO SEE THE PICTURE

Striking helmet-shaped flowers on tall spikes provide an attractive source of mid to late summer color for shaded gardens.Well grows in  well-drained soil.

Medicinal Uses:
Used in traditional Chinese medicines.Aconitum spicatum as traditional herb its extracts have been employed in analgesic balms.

You may click to see :Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf  :

Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf :

Two New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from  Aconitum spicatum Stapf  :

Known Hazards:Do not plant near vegetable gardens as all parts of the plant are poisonous. Foliage may irritate sensitive skin.

Disclaimer:
The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
http://www.riverbendnursery.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=plants.plantDetail&plant_id=330
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aconitum_spicatum
http://www.icimod.org/hkhconservationportal/Plant.aspx?ID=282
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00178.x/abstract

Click to access 160415-475-04-0182-p4.pdf

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Club Moss (Lycopodium clavatum)

Botanical Name :Lycopodium clavatum
Family: Lycopodiaceae
Genus: Lycopodium

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Lycopodiophyta
Class: Lycopodiopsida
Order: Lycopodiales
Species: L. clavatum
Synonyms: Stag’s-horn Clubmoss (English), Clubmoss
Common Names: Club Moss , Wolf’s Claw,wolf’s-foot clubmoss, stag’s-horn clubmoss or groundpine
Other common Names : Common clubmoss, Stagshorn clubmoss, Wolfpaw clubmoss, Foxtail clubmoss, Running clubmoss, Running ground-pine, Running pine[1], Running moss, Princess Pine, and others.
Deutsch: Keulen-Bärlapp, Kolben-Bärlapp · English: Ground pine, Stagshorn Clubmoos · Français : Jalousie · Italiano: Erba strega · Nederlands: Groote Wolfsklauw ·

Parts Used: spores alkaloids including lycopodine,clavatine, clavatoxine,

Habitat :Native; heaths, moors, mountains, mostly in grassy places; formerly throughout Britain and Ireland, now absent from much of lowlands.

It has a subcosmopolitan distribution, with distinct subspecies and varieties in different parts of its range:

Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. clavatum (Europe, Asia, North America)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. aristatum (Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, northern South America south to northern Argentina)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. asiaticum (Japan, northeast China)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. borbonicum (central and southern Africa)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. kiboanum (mountains of tropical Africa)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. contiguum (southern Central America, northern South America; syn. Lycopodium contiguum)
Although globally widespread, like many clubmosses, it is confined to undisturbed sites, disappearing from farmed areas and sites with regular burning. As a result, it is endangered in many areas. In the UK it is one of 101 species named as a high priority for conservation by the wild plant charity Plantlife.

Description:
It is a spore-bearing vascular plant, growing mainly prostrate along the ground with stems up to 1 m long; the stems are much branched, and densely clothed with small spirally-arranged leaves. The leaves are 3-5 mm long and 0.7-1 mm broad, tapered to a fine hair-like white point. The branches bearing spore cones turn erect, reaching 5-15 cm above ground, and have fewer leaves than the horizontal branches. The spore cones are yellow-green, 2-3 cm long and 5 mm broad. The horizontal stems produce roots at frequent intervals along their length, allowing the stem to grow indefinitely along the ground. The stems superficially resemble small seedlings of coniferous trees, though it is not related to these.

click to see the pictures…>..(01).….(1).…...(2)..…..…(3).……..(4)....………….

Constituents: alkaloids including lycopodine,clavatine, clavatoxine, nicotine, polyphenolic acids including dihydrocaffeic,flavonoids including apigenin, triterpenes.

Medicinal Uses:
Traditionally, herbal healers employed the entire plant to relieve muscle cramping,as a diuretic in kidney and liver complaints, and may have analgesic and antiseptic properties. Nowadays, the only part of the plant used medicinally is the powdered spores by which it reproduces. It promotes healing in wounds, stops bleeding and helps drain tissues of excess fluids. The leaves and stems contain two poisons, lycopodine and clavadine, but the spores are completely non-toxic. Club moss is widely used in homeopathic medicine to treat a wide variety of ailments, but its effectiveness is not established by research. Mountain Rose Herbs (2008-06-09)

Traditional Chinese Medicine
An ingredient in the Traditional Chinese Medicine remedy Qian Ceng Ta, club moss has been used for centuries to treat fever and inflammation. More recently Qian Ceng Ta was found to contain a substance called huperzine a (HupA.) Hupezine A appears to shield brain cells from injury and it may be useful in treating strokes and epilepsy.

Many adults today wish to have better mental focus, alertness and concentration. We all suffer from memory lapses, lack of concentration and inability to focus. ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) is a group of symptoms that can also cause mood swings, impulsiveness, behavioral and other social problems in both children and adults.

More than becoming more and more forgetful as we get older, Alzheimer’s disease leads to changes is behavior, personality and other abilities. Although Club Moss is used primarily to treat the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s, many people are taking it to improve memory and enhance mental alertness.
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Click to see :->

LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM in Homeopathy medicine:

: Homeopathic Remedy

Side Effects:
Not to be used while pregnant. Not for long term use. Safe in recommended amounts.

How to Use: Club Moss
Preparation Methods :Dried spores as a powder. Most commonly found in extract and capsule form, but is suitable as a tea. Typical dosage: 50 to 100 micrograms in capsules daily.

Disclaimer:The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
http://www.anniesremedy.com/herb_detail305.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodium_clavatum
http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/flora.php?menuentry=soorten&id=1447

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White Bryony (Bryonia alba)

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Botanical Name :Bryonia alba
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Bryonia
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Dilleniidae
Order: Violales
Species: B. alba

Common names: Kudzu of the Northwest, Devil’s Turnip, English Mandrake,
false mandrake, wild vine, and wild hops, wild nep, tamus, ladies’ seal, and tetterbury.

Habitat :White bryony is native to Europe and Northern Iran. It was first reported in the United States in 1975. It probably arrived as a medicinal plant; used to induce vomiting, the plant and berries are poisonous to people. Forty berries constitutes a lethal dose for adult humans.

Currently identified in only four states (Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming) this invasive species is declared a Class B noxious weed. This classification indicates that bryony is already abundant in many areas. Containment is the goal in those areas, but it is to be prevented/eradicated in new regions.Vineyards and woods.Woodland Garden; Dappled Shade; Hedgerow;


Description:
An herbaceous, perennial vine of the cucumber family, white bryony is monoecious but diclinous (separate male and female flowers found on the same plant) with a tuberous yellow root. Greenish-white flowers are 1 cm across. Long curling tendrils, flowers, and fruit all stem from axils of palmately lobed leaves. The fruit is a 1.5 cm berry which blackens as it ripens, and seeds of which are disseminated by birds.

CLICK & SEE THE  PICTURES

White bryony thrives in full sun. Due to birds depositing seeds where they like to eat and nest, bryony is prevalent in native hawthorn patches and in windbreak, shelterbelt, riparian buffer, and wildlife plantings.

This invasive weed grows aggressively; it can produce three vines at a time, which each grow up to 15 cm per day. Since the growth pattern of the vine leads it to climb, it emulates the growth pattern of kudzu, and will also simply grow into a mat when it cannot climb. Once it establishes itself, it will climb other plants and trees as well as fences and buildings. Effectively blocking the sun and even rain from its host, the dense shade of the bryony eventually destroys what it covers. If not the lack of sun, then winter snow or heavy rains weighing down the mat of bryony create too much extra weight leading to breakage of host limbs or even felling of entire host trees.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.

Cultivation
A rapid grower, it is of easy cultivation succeeding in most soils that are well drained[1], avoiding acid soils in the wild[17]. A climbing plant, attaching itself to other plants by means of tendrils. Plants can be easily encouraged by scattering ripe seed at the base of hedgerows. Plants in the north of their range are monoecious, but those growing in the south are dioecious. Where necessary, male and female plants must be grown if seed is required.

Propagation
Bryonia alba spreads by seed.   Seed – best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Sow stored seed in late winter in a cold frame. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter, planting them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Division in early spring.

Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves.

One report says that the young shoots are edible, though cautioned .

Toxicity:
All parts of Bryonia alba contain bryonin which is poisonous and may cause illness or death. Livestock may also be poisoned by consuming the fruit and leaves. Forty berries constitutes a lethal dose for adult humans.

Medicinal Uses

Homeopathy.

The root is cathartic, hydrogogue, irritant, pectoral and purgative. The root is harvested in the autumn and can be used either fresh or dried. It should be used with great caution, see notes above on toxicity. The fresh root, gathered before the plant comes into flower, is made into a homeopathic remedy. This is used in the treatment of a wide range of complaints. It is said to be one of the best diuretics and an excellent remedy for gravel as well as all other obstructions and disorders of the urinary passage.

Other Uses:
Birds are the most common dispersal mechanism for this plant. They deposit seeds where they eat and nest, and so bryony is prevalent in native hawthorn patches and in windbreak, shelterbelt, riparian buffer, and wildlife plantings. Bryonia alba leaves may be used as a food plant by the larvae of Cabbage Moths.

Known Hazards: All parts of the plant, and especially the root, are poisonous. The root can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting, resulting in death within a matter of hours.

Disclaimer:The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Bryonia+alba
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bryonia_alba
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryonia_alba

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Aconitum Ferox

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Botanical Name:Aconitum ferox
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: A. ferox
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Ranunculales

Common Name :Aconitum virorum,Indian Aconite,Bishnag

Syn: Aconitum virosum Don., A. napellus var. rigidum Hook, f & T.
English names: Wolf’s bane, Indian aconite.
Sanskrit names: Vatsanabha, Visa.
Vernacular names: Hin: Bish, Mahoor; Guj and Mar: Vachang; Kas: Mohra; Tam: Vasnumbi; Tel: Vasnabhi.
Trade name: Bish.
Genus : Aconitum
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Ranunculales
Species: A. ferox

Known Hazards:Aconitum ferox is considered the most poisonous plant in the world.   The whole plant is highly toxic – simple skin contact has caused numbness in some people

Habitat : E. Asia – Himalayas.  Shrubberies and forest clearings, 2100 – 3600 metres from C. Nepal to Bhutan.Abundant at Sandakphu, which is the highest point of the Darjeeling Hills in the Indian State of West Bengal.Woodland Garden; Dappled Shade;

Description:
A deciduous perennial that grows up to 1.0 metre tall by 0.5 metres wide and which favours many types of soil. They are handsome plants with the tall and erect stem crowned by racemes of large eye-catching blue, purple, white, yellow or pink zygomorphic flowers with numerous stamens. They are distinguished by having one of the five petaloid sepals (the posterior one), called the galea, in the form of a cylindrical helmet; hence the English name monkshood. There are 2-10 petals, in the form of [nectary|nectaries]. The two upper petals are large. They are placed under the hood of the calyx and are supported on long stalks.

click to see the pictures…..>.…..(01)....(1)..……….(2).…….…(3)..…

It’s roots look like the navel of children; leaves alternate, simple, rounded or oval, may be palmately 5-lobed; flowers borne on branched racemes, bracts and bracteoles present, large helmet-type, helmet vaulted with short sharp beak, pale dirty blue in colour, zygomorphic, floral parts arranged spirally on an elongated receptacle; follicles erect, usually densely villose-sometimes glabrous.

It is hardy to zone 6. It is in flower from August to September. The flowers are pollinated by Bees.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.

Cultivation:
Thrives in most soils and in the light shade of trees. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Prefers a moist soil in sun or semi-shade. Prefers a calcareous soil. Grows well in open woodlands. The root of this plant is widely collected from the wild for medicinal use and is becoming much rarer in much of its range. Members of this genus seem to be immune to the predations of rabbits and deer. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby species, especially legumes. Closely related to A. napellus.

Propagation:
Seed – best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. The seed can be stratified and sown in spring but will then be slow to germinate. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame for their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer. Division – best done in spring but it can also be done in autumn. Another report says that division is best carried out in the autumn or late winter because the plants come into growth very early in the year.

Constituents: It is from “Aconitum ferox” that the well known Indian poison bikh, bish, or nabee is produced. It contains large quantities of the alkaloid pseudaconitine, which is a deadly poison. Aconite was often used as an ingredient in the psychoactive drugs prepared by the descendants of Hecate (the Greek goddess of sorcery and witchcraft). It was also used in European witchcraft ointments and has been used by poisoners.
Root: pseudoaconitine (a toxic alkaloid), indactonitine, chasmaconitine, bikhaconitine.

Medicinal Actions &  Uses:-
Alterative; Anaesthetic; Antiarthritic; Deobstruent; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Sedative; Stimulant.

The dried root is alterative, anaesthetic, antiarthritic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative, stimulant. It is best harvested in the autumn as soon as the plant dies down. This is a very poisonous plant and should only be used with extreme caution and under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. It has been used in India and Nepal in the treatment of neuralgia, leprosy, fevers, cholera and rheumatism. When the roots are soaked in cow’s urine, they become soft and lose their depressant action on the heart, becoming a stimulant instead.
Traditional use: AYURVEDA : Root: used in the mrityunjaya rasa (used to treat the fever supposed to be caused by deranged vayu, i.e., wind, sannipatika jvara, i.e., remittent fever, hingulesware-rasa, anandabhairav agnitundi vati, etc.

Vatsanabha has been used in medicine from a very remote period. It is regarded as healing and stimulant. It is used in a great variety of affections, but is specially recommended in fever, cephalagia, affections of throat, dyspepsia and rheumatism. HOMOEOPATHY: remedy for clotting of blood in heart or in lungs, pneumonia, Iymptisis, pleurisy, eye trouble, earache, toothache and urinary trouble.

Modern use: Extremely poisonous; used in leprosy, fever, cholera, nasal catarrah, tonsillitis, sore throat, gastric disorders, debility, etc., also used as a sedative and diaphoretic; applied in the form of paste in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism.

Disclaimer:The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Aconitum+ferox
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconitum_ferox
http://earthisours.blogspot.com/2008/05/45-flora-species-face-threat-of.html

http://www.bsienvis.nic.in/medi.htm#Aconitum ferox

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