Categories
News on Health & Science

Faecal Bacteria Join the Commute

More than one in four commuters has bacteria from faeces on their hands, an investigation suggests.

………
Commuters in the north were dirtier than in the south

Scientists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine swabbed 409 people at bus and train stations in five major cities in England and Wales.

The further north they went, the more often they found commuters with faecal bacteria on their hands – men in Newcastle were the worst offenders.

………….

Washing thoroughly with soap is enough to keep hands clean
Experts stressed the importance of hand hygiene for preventing illness.

The bacteria found suggested people were not washing their hands properly after using the toilet, said the researchers.

Toilet hands

In Newcastle and Liverpool, men were more likely than women to show contamination – 53% of men compared with 30% of women in Newcastle and 36% of men compared with 31% of women in Liverpool.

” We were flabbergasted by the finding that so many people had faecal bugs on their hands” Says Dr Val Curtis, director of the Hygiene Centre at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

In the other three cities – London, Cardiff and Birmingham – the women’s hands were dirtier.

People who had used the bus had higher rates of hand contamination than those who had used the train.

Manual workers had cleaner hands than other professionals, students, retired people or the unemployed.

Dr Val Curtis, director of the Hygiene Centre at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “We were flabbergasted by the finding that so many people had faecal bugs on their hands.”

“The figures were far higher than we had anticipated, and suggest that there is a real problem with people washing their hands in the UK.

DIRTY HANDS

Newcastle – men 53%, women 30%
Liverpool – men 36%, women 31%
Birmingham – men 21%, women 26%
Cardiff – men 15%, women 29%
Euston (London) – men 6%, women 21%

“If any of these people had been suffering from a diarrhoeal disease, the potential for it to be passed around would be greatly increased by their failure to wash their hands after going to the toilet.”

Professor Mike Catchpole, director of the Health Protection Agency‘s Centre for Infections, said: “These results are startling and should be enough to make anyone reach for the soap.

“It is well known that hand washing is one of the most important ways of controlling the spread of infections, especially those that cause diarrhoea and vomiting, colds and flu.

“People should always wash their hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food, and after handling animals. And remember to cover all cuts and scratches with a waterproof dressing.”

Winter vomiting
The HPA’s monitoring of infections over recent weeks suggests that cases of norovirus – the winter vomiting bug – are rising and that the annual norovirus season is likely to have begun.

Norovirus is the most common cause of gastrointestinal disease in the UK with peak activity in terms of numbers of cases and outbreaks during the winter months, from October to March.

It has been estimated that between 600,000 and a million people in the UK are affected each year.

Professor Catchpole said: “Norovirus is highly infectious and easily spread in settings where people are in close contact with one another so good hygiene, including frequent handwashing, is really important.”

The study was part of the world’s first Global Hand-washing Day, dedicated to raising awareness about the importance hand hygiene plays in public health.

You may click to see also:-
Millions mark UN hand-washing day
Bugs get the train too
School claims hand wash success
Clean hands the way to stop flu
Teens’ dirty hands infection risk

Sources: BBC NEWS:15TH. OCT. ’08

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
Categories
News on Health & Science

Worm ‘May Help Treat Arthritis’

[amazon_link asins=’1332716970,B0061IRW1U,1165585219,B000VY2VPM,B01N2M2ED3,B011L2LSRY,0849334292,B0008B29UK,1236298853′ template=’ProductCarousel’ store=’finmeacur-20′ marketplace=’US’ link_id=’3951483b-1814-11e7-933b-6553e0d2135e’]

[amazon_link asins=’B00S7FMEOK,B01M011NOI,B01M5E0Q0T,1457540177,B019ZK0WS0,B01I5LWQ48,B00R3B58VA’ template=’ProductCarousel’ store=’finmeacur-20′ marketplace=’US’ link_id=’94475547-17bd-11e7-943e-4b99d109f7cf’]

A substance secreted by parasitic nematode worms may help provide a more effective treatment for inflammatory types of arthritis.
Nematode worms can cause serious disease
The molecule, ES-62, already circulates in the blood of millions of people infected with the worms in the Tropics.

It prevents the massive inflammatory response that the worms are otherwise capable of producing in conditions such as elephantiasis.

The Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde will carry out the project.

Auto-immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, tend to be rare in countries where parasitic worm infections are endemic, and the researchers believe ES-62 may be key.

They aim to produce a synthetic derivative of ES-62 which could be used to develop new drugs to combat rheumatoid arthritis.

They also hope the same approach could ultimately be fine-tuned to treat other types of auto-immune diseases, using cocktails of several ES-62 derived drugs.

ES-62 has no known adverse effect on general health, nor does it inhibit the ability of infected people to fight other infections.

 

Thermostat

Researcher Professor William Harnett said: “We will be focusing on mechanisms of combating hyper-inflammation that have developed naturally and with apparent acceptance by humans during their co-evolution with parasites.”

Professor Iain McInnes, who will also be working on the project, said: “ES-62 appears to act like a thermostat to effectively turn down disease-causing inflammation which leaves essential defence mechanisms intact to fight infection and cancer.

“This property also makes ES-62 a unique tool for scientists to identify how such disease-causing inflammation occurs.”

A spokeswoman for the Arthritis Research Campaign, which is funding the work, said new treatments to tackle the painful inflammatory effects of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis were much-needed.

She said: “Despite the advent of new classes of drugs such as anti-TNF therapy, there are many people whose arthritis is not under control, and this is an exciting, and novel piece of research which may lead to new, more effective treatments.”

Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially crippling joint disease, caused by the body’s immune system attacking itself, leading to inflammation in the joints and internal organs such as the heart and lungs.

It affects around 400,000 people in the UK. Women sufferers outnumber men by three to one.

You may click to see:->Alcohol ‘cuts risk of arthritis’

Sources: BBC NEWS:September 16. ’08

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
Categories
Featured Healthy Tips

Broccoli ‘May Help Protect Lungs’

 

A substance found in broccoli may limit the damage which leads to serious lung disease, research suggests.
…….CLICK & SEE

Sulforapane is found in broccoli and brussel sprouts

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often caused by smoking and kills about 30,000 UK residents a year.

US scientists found that sulforapane increases the activity of the NRF2 gene in human lung cells which protects cells from damage caused by toxins.

The same broccoli compound was recently found to be protective against damage to blood vessels caused by diabetes.

Brassica vegetables such as broccoli have also been linked to a lower risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Cell pollutants

In the latest study, a team from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine found significantly lower activity of the NRF2 gene in smokers with advanced COPD.

Writing in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, they said the gene is responsible for turning on several mechanisms for removing toxins and pollutants which can damage cells.

“We know broccoli naturally contains important compounds but studies so far have taken place in the test tube and further research is needed to find if you can produce the same effect in humans” :-Spokeswoman, British Lung Foundation

Previous studies in mice had shown that disrupting the NRF2 gene caused early onset severe emphysema – one of the conditions suffered by COPD patients.

Increasing the activity of NRF2 may lead to useful treatments for preventing the progression of COPD, the researchers said.

In the study, they showed that sulforapane was able to restore reduced levels of NRF2 in cells exposed to cigarette smoke.

“Future studies should target NRF2 as a novel strategy to increase antioxidant protection in the lungs and test its ability to improve lung function in people with COPD,” said study leader Dr Shyam Biswal.

A spokeswoman for the British Lung Foundation said: “This is an important study for the 3 million people in the UK with COPD because of its findings about the imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants in the lungs.

“We know broccoli naturally contains important compounds but studies so far have taken place in the test tube and further research is needed to find if you can produce the same effect in humans.

Sources:BBC NEWS:Sept 12. ’08

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
Categories
News on Health & Science

Antipsychotic Drug ‘Stroke Risk’

More people than previously thought could be at higher risk of having a stroke caused by their antipsychotic drugs, say UK scientists.

……………………………..
Antipsychotic drugs are given to people with schizophrenia and dementia


Previous research suggested only some types of the drug increased the risk, particularly for people with dementia.

However a study published in the British Medical Journal says all forms of antipsychotics boost the risk, in all patients.

A mental health charity said patients on the drugs must be closely monitored.

“This is another warning that all antipsychotics should be prescribed with great thought and care”…says Marjorie Wallace Sane

Antipsychotic drugs are generally used to control psychotic symptoms in patients with disorders such as schizophrenia, and some severe forms of depression.

They are also thought to be widely used to control symptoms of dementia such as aggression, leading to accusations they were being used unnecessarily as a “chemical cosh” in some circumstances.

They fall into two types – newer “atypical” and older “typical” antipsychotics.

When the first concerns were raised in 2002, these focused on the “atypical” drugs.

These worries led to a recommendation from drug safety watchdogs in the UK that they not be given to people with dementia, and the government has been urged to strengthen this in England in its forthcoming dementia strategy.

The latest findings, from researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, confirm the fears over dementia patients, but raise wider concerns.

They identified 6,700 patients from a GP database, all with an average age of 80, and concluded that there was more than a tripling of risk for dementia patients taking any sort of anti-psychotic drug.

Patients without dementia taking any sort of antipsychotic had a 40% increase in risk.

The researchers repeated the recommendation that patients with dementia should not be prescribed these drugs.

‘Last resort’

Neil Hunt, from the Alzheimer’s Society, said that doctors now needed to heed these warnings.

“The over-prescription of antipsychotics is a serious breach of human rights, these drugs should only be a last resort.

“The forthcoming National Dementia Strategy is a crucial opportunity to stop this dangerous over-prescribing and we look forward to its launch in the autumn.”

Marjorie Wallace, the chief executive of the mental health charity Sane, said that while the drugs were capable of transforming lives, different patients reacted differently to their side-effects.

“This study should remind us all that antipsychotics are powerful drugs which can both be essential for some people, while carrying other risks.

“This is another warning that all antipsychotics should be prescribed with great thought and care and be subject to rigorous follow-up.”

Sources: BBC NEWS:30Th. AUG.’08

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
Categories
News on Health & Science

Positive Thinkers ‘Avoid Cancer’

Optimists see the world as a benevolent place.Image via Wikipedia

[amazon_link asins=’1541211502,8122200044,0394738993,B0006D6640,B019R3QAM2,B00GT2PM6A,B0019QURG6,088391168X,042517817X’ template=’ProductCarousel’ store=’finmeacur-20′ marketplace=’US’ link_id=’1cf2c8e4-8a71-11e7-97da-1701ef88ed04′]

Women who have a positive outlook may decrease their chances of developing breast cancer, say Israeli researchers.

The role of mental outlook in cancer is controversial
The small study, published in the BioMed Central journal, also found that getting divorced, or being bereaved could increase the risk.

But the researchers admitted that women were questioned after their diagnosis, which might significantly change their outlook on life.

UK experts said it was hard to compare different women’s emotional stresses.

The role of mental outlook on cancer remains controversial, with some studies suggesting that it might play a role.

Meanwhile, others have found no significant effect, either on the likelihood of developing the illness in the first place, or on your chances of surviving it.

The latest study looked at 255 women with breast cancer and compared their answers in a questionnaire on mental outlook and life events with 367 healthy control subjects.

They found that a generally positive outlook appeared to reduce the chance of breast cancer by a quarter.

In addition, exposure to one or more of the traumatic “life events” such as loss of a parent or a spouse increased the risk by more than 60%.

Lead researcher Dr Ronit Peled, from Ben-Gurion University, said that women who had been exposed to a number of negative events should be considered an “at-risk” group for breast cancer.

“We can carefully say that experiencing more than one severe and/or moderate life event is a risk factor for breast cancer among young women.

“On the other hand, a general feeling of happiness and optimism can play a protective role.”

“Emotional stress is highly subjective and is difficult to measure accurately” says Dr Sarah Cant, Breakthrough Breast Cancer

‘Complex disease’

But Dr Sarah Cant, from Breakthrough Breast Cancer, maintained that there was no clear evidence that positive or negative experiences could affect breast cancer risk.

“Emotional stress is highly subjective and is difficult to measure accurately.

“Women in this study were interviewed after breast cancer was diagnosed when they may be more likely to recall feeling depression and anxiety.

“The researchers also didn’t account for other factors known to affect breast cancer risk such as family history or weight.

“Breast cancer is a complex disease and there is unlikely to be one single cause.”

Sources: BBC NEWS:22nd.Aug.’08

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
css.php