University of New South Wales

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Sarcasm may be the lowest form of wit, but Australian scientists are using it to diagnose dementia, according to research published.

Researchers at the University of New South Wales found that patients under the age of 65 suffering from frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the second most common form of dementia, cannot detect when someone is being sarcastic.

The study, described by its authors as groundbreaking, helps explain why patients with the condition behave the way they do and why, for example, they are unable to pick up their caregivers’ moods, the research showed.

“This is significant because if care-givers are angry, sad or depressed, the patient won’t pick this up. It is often very upsetting for family members,” said John Hodges, the senior author of the paper published in Brain.

“(FTD) patients present changes in personality and behaviour. They find it difficult to interact with people, they don’t pick up on social cues, they lack empathy, they make bad judgements,” he said. “People with FTD become very gullible and they often part with large amounts of money,” he said, adding that one in 4,000 people around the world are afflicted with the condition.

Researchers began studying the role of sarcasm in detecting FTD because it requires a patient to spot discrepancies between a person’s words and the tone of their voice, Hodges said.

“One of the things about FTD patients is that they don’t detect humour — they are very bad at double meaning and a lot of humour (other than sarcasm) is based on double meaning,” he said.

The research, conducted in 2006-07, put 26 sufferers of FTD and 19 Alzheimer’s patients through a test in which actors acted out different scenarios using exactly the same words. While in one scenario, the actors would deliver the lines sincerely, in others they would introduce a thick layer of sarcasm. Patients were then asked if they got the joke, Hodges said.

Sources: The Times Of India

African Plant Helps Stop Bleeding

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The leaves of Aspilia africana, a plant used in African traditional medicine, can stop bleeding, block infection and speed wound healing, a new study from Nigeria confirms.

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The leaves and flowers of A Africana, a bristle-covered herb known as the “hemorrhage plant,” have been used to stanch bleeding, remove foreign bodies from the eyes, treat scorpion stings, and for several other purposes across the African continent, note Dr Charles O Okoli and colleagues at the University of Nigeria.

Dr Okoli is currently located in Sydney, Australia at the University of New South Wales.

To test the plantâ€™s medicinal properties, Okoli and his team performed a series of lab and animal experiments comparing the effects of an extract of the powdered leaves in methanol, and two different portions or fractions containing hexane or methanol. They report their findings in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

The extract and the fractions of the plant significantly reduced bleeding and clotting time in rats, the researchers found, with the methanol fraction having the strongest effect.

Source: The Times Of India

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