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Botanical Name: Dendranthema lavandulifolium
Family: Asteraceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asterales
Genus: Chrysanthemum
Species: C. lavandulifolium

Synonyms:
*Chrysanthemum bellum Grüning
*Chrysanthemum boreale Makino
*Chrysanthemum indicum var. boreale Makino, nom. inval.
*Chrysanthemum jucundum Nakai & Kitag.
*Chrysanthemum namikawanum Kitam.
*Chrysanthemum seticuspe (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.
*Chrysanthemum seticuspe f. boreale (Makino) H.Ohashi & Yonek.

Common Names: Chrysanthemum, Cut Mum, Garden Mum, Pot Mum, Florist’s Chrysanthemum

Habitat: Dendranthema lavandulifolium is native to E. Asia – Northern China, Japan, Korea and Manchuria. It grows on the mountain slopes, rocks, river valleys, river banks, wastelands and hilly lands at elvations of 600–2800 metres.

Description:
Dendranthema lavandulifolium is a perennial hereb. growing to 1.5 m (5ft). It is in flower from August to October. Bloom Colors are Orange, Pink, Purple, Red, White, Yellow. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects.

The herb is erect, and the flowers have yellow sepals and multiple carpals. The herb has a green, oblong leaf with pinnate venation. These leaves are about 5–7 cm in length and 4–6 cm in width. The leaf blade is broad, while the base is suddenly narrowed and of an ovate or lanceolate lobed shape. The leaves are in alternate arrangement throughout the stem. In addition, it has a broad sinus base with “dorsifixed pubescence” underneath. The petiole is about 1–2 cm long. The rhizome is short, while the stem is erect, long branched, and colored white pubescent. Also, there are only a few stem-leaves. The herb grows from 100 to 150 cm.

C. lavandulifolium flowers grow in a corymb-style head and are terminal. They also have yellow heads that contain multiple carpals; these stretch from 14–15 mm in diameter. They also contain three or four oblong bracts that have soft tissue and are elliptical and tipped. These bracts have hemispherical involucre or coverings. In addition, the yellow corollas of the flower are about 5–7 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide These heads stretch to about 1.5 cm in diameter. These bisexual florets have obtuse and irregular anther bases. They have pistillate ray florets that can be yellow or white. From these pistillates, they produce achenes, which are indehiscent and angled. The pappus, a modified calyx, is not present or extremely small.

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Cultivation:
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil. Succeeds in most well-drained fertile soils in a sunny position. This species is closely related to D. indicum. When bruised, the foliage has a pungent refreshing fragrance that is somewhat lemon-like and reminiscent of chamomile.

Propagation:
Through Seeds – sow spring to early summer in a greenhouse and only just cover the seed. It usually germinates in 10 – 18 days at 15°c but if it does not germinate within 4 weeks then try chilling the seed for 3 weeks in the salad compartment of a fridge. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in the summer. Division in spring. Larger clumps can be replanted direct into their permanent positions, though it is best to pot up smaller clumps and grow them on in a cold frame until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the spring.

Edible Uses:
The following uses are for the closely related D. indica. They quite possibly also apply to this species.

*The flower heads are pickled in vinegar.
*Young leaves ARE cooked & eaten.
*An aromatic tea is made from the leaves.
Seed. No more details are given but it is very small and would be rather fiddly to use.

Medicinal Uses:
The flowers are hypotensive and vasodilator. They have an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus, E. coli, streptococcus, C. diphtheriae, Bacillus dysenteriae. The flowers are used in the treatment of furuncle, scrofula, deep-rooted boils, inflammation of the throat, eyes and cervix, eczema, itchiness of the skin and hypertension.

Other Uses:
Many times the plant is grown in the garden for beautification.The following uses are for the closely related D. indicum. They quite possibly also apply to this species. The seed contains about 16% of a semi-drying oil.

Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum_lavandulifolium#
http://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Dendranthema+lavandulifolium#:~:text=Dendranthema%20lavandulifolium%20is%20a%20perennial%20plant%20that%20can,as%20a%20food%2C%20medicine%20and%20source%20of%20materials.
https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Dendranthema+x+grandiflorum

Botanical Name: Dendranthema indicum
Family: Asteraceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asterales
Genus: Chrysanthemum
Species: C. indicum

Synonyms: Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum boreale, Chrysanthemum indicum boreale, Dendranthema boreale

Common Names:Indian chrysanthemum, Nakai Chrysanthemum japonicum Thunb. Chrysanthemum lushanense Kitam. Chrysanthemum nankingense Hand.-Mazz.

Habitat:Dendranthema indicum is native to E. Asia – Nepal, Bhutan, Eastern and central China, Central and Southern Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Laos. It is Found wild in most habitats. Grasslands on mountain slopes, thickets, wet places by rivers, fields, roadsides, saline places by seashores, under shrubs; at elevations from 100 – 2,900 metres.

Description:
Chrysanthemum indicum is an erect, aromatic, perennial plant producing a clump of stems 25 – 100cm tall from procumbent rhizomes. It usually blooms from August to October. It must be grown outside under sunlight with moist soil. They normally have yellow or white flowers with yellow pollen. As Moul says, it is suitable for light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils.

The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food and medicine. It is sometimes cultivated for medicinal use. Several varieties are sometimes recognized within Chrysanthemum indicum, one of which is Chrysanthemum indicum var. edule (Kitam.) Kitam. – this form is cultivated as a vegetable in China. The plant is also grown as an ornamental.

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Cultivation:
Chrysanthemum indicum is a plant of the temperate zone but it can be grown successfully outside the area such as in tropical areas as it is often cultivated in Southeast Asia with moist soil (pH around 6.5) in sunny weather. It can handle temperatures down to ?10 °C (14 °F).

Propagation:
Seeds can be sowed between the range of August to October. It usually starts to grow in 10 to 18 days at 15 °C (59 °F).

Medicinal Uses:
The whole plant is antiphlogistic, blood tonic, depurative, febrifuge and vulnerary. It is used for dissipating heat, detoxifying, and dissipating blood stasis. It is used in China to treat eye ailments. In conjunction with black pepper it is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea.

The leaves are depurative. They are used in China in the treatment of migraine.

The flowers are antibacterial, aperient, bitter, hypotensive, stomachic and vasodilator. A decoction is used in the treatment of conditions such as photopsia, vertigo, fever, headache, ophthalmia, dacryolithiasis,
xerophthalmia, amblyopia and hypertension They have a rejuvenating effect when used over a long period of time.
The flowers are used externally, as a poultice and also as a wash, in the treatment of furuncle, scrofula, deep-rooted boils, inflammation of the throat, eyes and cervix, eczema, itchiness of the skin.

The flowers contain the glycoside chrysanthemin that yields glucose and cyanidin on hydrolysis, together with stachydrine and an essential oil.
The flowers have been shown to have an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus, E. Coli, Streptococcus, C. Diphtheriae, Bacillus dysenteriae.

An essential oil obtained from the plant contains chrysanthenone, this is active on the brain centre affected by Parkinson’s disease.

Edible Uses:
*The flower heads are pickled in vinegar.
*Flowers themselves can be used in beverages (Geg Huay).
*Young leaves can be used to make an aromatic tea.
*The seed contains about 16% of a semi-drying oil, but it’s not viable yet.

Other Uses: Seeds are is very small and would be rather fiddly to use.

Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum_indicum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum_indicum
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Dendranthema+indicum

Botanical Name: Delphinium nudicaule
Family: Ranunculaceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Ranunculales
Genus: Delphinium
Species: D. nudicaule

Common Names: Canyon larkspur, Red larkspur, Orange larkspur, and Canyon delphinium

Habitat: Delphinium nudicaule is native to low-elevation canyons and slopes, foothills, and mountain ranges of California, US, from the Sierra Nevada to the California Coast Ranges, and of Oregon. It grows below 6,500 feet on dry slopes among shrubs and in woods, below 2150 metres. Moist talus and cliff faces from sea level to 2600 metres

Description:
Delphinium nudicaule is a herbaceous perennial flowering herb, growing to 0.3 m (1ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in) at a medium rate.It is in flower from June to August. The bloom Color is Orange. Main Bloom Time is Early summer, Late summer, Late spring, Mid summer. Form: Irregular or sprawling, Upright or erect.

Root generally > 15 cm, distally branched. Stem: 15–50(125) cm, base narrower than root, not firmly attached, generally glabrous. Leaf: generally on proximal 1/3 of stem, +- glabrous; lobes 3–10, generally > 6 mm wide. Inflorescence: pedicels 15–80 mm, 7–50 mm apart, glabrous to glandular-puberulent. Flower: sepals forward-pointing, scarlet to orange-red (dull yellow), lateral 8–16 mm, spur 12–34 mm; lower petals flattened, blades 2–3 mm, +- glabrous. Fruit: 13–26 mm, curved. Seed: smooth, collar inflated.

The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs).
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.

CLICK & SEE THE PICTURES

Cultivation:
Prefers a rich well-drained soil. Dislikes water-logged soils. Requires an open sunny position. Plants can flower in their first year from spring-sown seed, they are reliably perennial in their native environment, but often die overwinter in most parts of Britain. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants, especially legumes. Slugs and snails are very attracted to this plant[200]. Special Features: Attracts birds, Attractive foliage, North American native, All or parts of this plant are poisonous, Suitable for cut flowers, Suitable for dried flowers, Extended bloom season in Zones 9A and above.

Propagation:
Seed – sow March/April in a cold frame or May outdoors. Keep moist and in a shady position until germination takes place. The seed has a limited viability so it should be stored in a sealed container at about 3°c. Temperatures above 15°c inhibit germination. The seed usually germinates in 2 – 9 weeks at 15°c. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out into their permanent positions in the summer. Cuttings of basal shoots in April/May, taken before they become hollow at the base, and planted in a cold frame. Division in spring or early autumn.

Edible Uses: Not known to us.

Medicinal Uses: The root of Delphinium nudicaule has been historically used as a medicinal narcotic, chiefly by the Mendocino Native Americans of the Yuki tribe. The Concow tribe called the plant “SO MA” in the Konkow language, and SOMA YEM (root)

Other Uses:
A blue dye is obtained from the flowers. An ink can be made from the dye. A parasiticide is obtained from the leaves. It is quite toxic and so is for external use only.Landscape Uses:Border, Container, Foundation, Massing, Rock garden, Seashore, Specimen.

Known Hazards: All parts of the plant are toxic. The plant is most toxic when it is young.

Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinium_nudicaule#:~:text=Delphinium%20nudicaule%2C%20known%20by%20the%20common%20names%20canyon,herb%20in%20the%20Buttercup%20Family%20%28%20Ranunculaceae%20%29.
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Delphinium+nudicaule
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=22492

Botanical Name: Delphinium menziesii
Family: Ranunculaceae
Subfamily:Ranunculoideae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Ranunculales
Tribe: Delphinieae
Genus: Delphinium

Common Names: Menzies’ Larkspur

Habitat: Delphinium menziesii is native to Western N. America – British Columbia to California. It grows in rich well drained soils and full sun, on coastal bluffs and prairies to lower montane meadows. Meadows and open woodlands from sea level to 1000 metres.

Description:
Delphinium menziesii is a perennial herb with spurred, bluish-purple flowers growing from tuberous roots, up to 50 cm tall. Stems unbranched, with fine hairs. Leaves alternate, dissected 2-3 times, narrowly oblong, basal leaves long-petiolate. Inflorescences open-racemose, simple to compound, 3-20 flowered. Flowers zygomorphic; sepals 5, uppermost being prominently spurred. It is in flower from April to June. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs).. CLICK & SEE THE PICTURES

Cultivation:
Prefers a rich well-drained soil. Dislikes water-logged soils. Requires an open sunny position. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants, especially legumes. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.

Propagation:
Through Seed – sow March/April in a cold frame or May outdoors. Keep moist and in a shady position until germination takes place. The seed has a limited viability so it should be stored in a sealed container at about 3°c. Temperatures above 15°c inhibit germination. The seed usually germinates in 2 – 9 weeks at 15°c. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out into their permanent positions in the summer. Cuttings of basal shoots in April/May, taken before they become hollow at the base, and planted in a cold frame. Division in spring or early autumn.

Edible Uses: Not Known to us.

Medicinal Uses: A poultice of the stalks and roots has been applied to sores. People use the flower to make medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, delphinium is used to treat intestinal worms, fluid retention, poor appetite, and trouble sleeping (insomnia). It is also used as a sedative to cause relaxation.

Other Uses: A parasiticide is obtained from the leaves. It is quite toxic and so is for external use only. A blue dye can be obtained from the flowers.
Various delphiniums are cultivated as ornamental plants, for traditional and native plant gardens. The numerous hybrids and cultivars are primarily used as garden plants, providing height at the back of the summer border, in association with roses, lilies, and geraniums.

Known Hazards: All parts of the plant are toxic. The plant is most toxic when it is young.

Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinium
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Delphinium+menziesii

Botanical Name: Delphinium elatum
Family: Ranunculaceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Ranunculales
Genus: Delphinium
Species: D. elatum

Common Names: Alpine delphinium , Candle larkspur, English Larkspur

Habitat: Delphinium elatum is native to temperate Asia and Europe. It grows on the temperate areas from 3000 – 3600 metres. Grassy slopes at elevations of 1900 – 2100 metres in Tibet.

Description:
Delphinium elatum is an erect herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1.8 m (5.9 ft), with deeply divided leaves. It produces spikes of blue or purple flowers in summer. Spicate flowering stems to 3-5’ tall are topped in late spring to early summer with erect, terminal, often spectacular, central flower spikes (racemes) which are densely packed with showy blue florets (25-100 per raceme). Each floret (to 1” across) has 5 blunt, glabrous, petal-like, blue outer sepals (posterior one is spurred) and two pairs of smaller true petals, with the lower two petals being yellow-bearded. The central raceme is surrounded by a number of smaller secondary flowering racemes (sidespikes) which develop from leaf joints below the primary bloom. Palmately lobed green leaves are 5-7 parted near the base.

It is in flower from June to July, and the seeds ripen from July to August. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs).

CLICK & SEE THE PICTURES

Cultivation:
Landscape Uses:Border, Foundation, Massing, Seashore, Specimen. Prefers a rich well-drained soil that stays moist in the summer. Dislikes water-logged soils, it is liable to die out in heavy soils over winter. Requires an open sunny position. This species is the main parent of the many tall hybrid forms of delphiniums that are commonly grown as garden ornamentals. A variable species in the wild, varying in height from 40cm to 2 metres. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants, especially legumes. Special Features: Attracts birds, All or parts of this plant are poisonous.

Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.

Propagation:
Seed – sow March/April in a cold frame or May outdoors. Keep moist and in a shady position until germination takes place. The seed has a limited viability so it should be stored in a sealed container at about 3°c. Temperatures above 15°c inhibit germination. The seed usually germinates in 2 – 9 weeks at 15°c. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out into their permanent positions in the summer. Cuttings of basal shoots in April/May, taken before they become hollow at the base, and planted in a cold frame. Division in spring or early autumn.

Edible Uses: Not known

Medicinal Uses:
The whole plant, but especially the seeds, is anthelmintic, aperient, diuretic and emetic.

Other Uses: Suitable for cut flowers, Suitable for dried flowers.The seed contains 1.7% alkaloids and is used as an insecticide.Superb in cottage gardens. Back of beds and borders. Best in groupings or massed. Plant against a stockade fence for protection from wind. Deer and rabbits usually do not cause problems.

Known Hazards: All parts of the plant are toxic. The plant is most toxic when it is young.

Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider.

Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinium_elatum
https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=366604#:~:text=Delphinium%20elatum%2C%20commonly%20known%20as%20delphinium%2C%20is%20an,Siberia.%20Species%20plants%20have%20been%20cultivated%20since%201578.
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Delphinium+elatum