Tag: Breathing

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Exercise

Stretch Loosens up Spine and Hips

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Use this stretch to release your back and hips if you’ve been seated for a long period of time or after brisk walking, hiking or biking. You’ll stand taller and feel more energized once your spine and hips have been loosened up.

Step 1.

Sit on the floor or a padded mat. Bend your knees out to the side with the soles of your feet pressed together in front of you. Place your hands behind you on the floor, close to your hips, with fingers turned away from your body. Lift your spine tall without overarching your lower back. Allow your thighs and knees to drop to the floor.

Step 2.

Reach forward with your hands, grasping your feet. On an exhale, round your back, bringing your face close to your feet. Hold this position for 30 to 60 seconds while you focus on breathing deeply and fully. Think of expanding your entire back when you inhale, then letting go of all tension when you exhale.

Sources:Los Angles Times

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Ailmemts & Remedies

Hiccup

Definition:

A hiccup or hiccough (normally pronounced “HICK-up,) is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm that typically repeats several times per minute. In humans, the abrupt rush of air into the lungs causes the epiglottis to close, creating the “hic” listen (help·info) noise. In medicine, it is known as synchronous diaphramatic flutter (SDF), or singultus. The term “hiccup” is also used to describe a small and unrepeated aberration in an otherwise consistent pattern.

A bout of hiccups generally resolves itself without intervention, although many home remedies claim to shorten the duration, and medication is occasionally necessary.

Causes
While many cases develop spontaneously, hiccups are known to be triggered by specific events, such as eating too quickly, being hungry for long, taking a cold drink while eating a hot meal, belching, eating very hot or spicy food, laughing vigorously or coughing, drinking alcoholic beverages in excess, crying out loud (sobbing causes air to enter the stomach), some smoking situations where abnormal inhalation can occur (in tobacco or other smoke like cannabis, perhaps triggered by precursors to coughing), electrolyte imbalance, talking too long, clearing the throat, or from lack of vitamins. Hiccups may be caused by pressure to the phrenic nerve by other anatomical structures, or having the sensation that there is food in the esophagus, rarely by tumors and certain kidney disease. The American Cancer Society reports that 30% of chemotherapy patients suffer singultus as a side effect of treatment.

People have been pondering the precise cause of hiccups for thousands of years. Ancient Greek physician Galen, for example, hypothesized that hiccups were simply violent emotions that began in the stomach and erupted out the mouth. This hypothesis has not exactly been disproved, but since then, we have come up with many more.

We know what happens during a hiccup. During normal breathing, we take in air from the mouth and nose, and it flows through the pharynx, past the glottis and into the larynx and trachea, ending in the lungs. The diaphragm, a large muscle between the chest and abdomen, aids this airflow. It moves down when we inhale, and then up when we exhale. The phrenic nerves control the movement and sensation of the diaphragm. Any irritation to these nerves induces a spasm of the diaphragm. This spasm causes a person to take a short, quick breath that is then interrupted by the closing of the epiglottis (a flap that protects the glottis, the space between the vocal cords). The sudden closing creates the sound we all know as a hiccup.

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So, hiccups are the result of diaphragm spasms. But what causes the irritation that leads to the spasm? There are only a few culprits for common hiccups, which usually disappear within a few minutes. One of the main irritants is a full stomach — a result of swallowing too much food or air. A distended stomach pushes against the phrenic nerves of the diaphragm, increasing the possibility of irritation and, therefore, hiccups. A full stomach of spicy food can do double damage — hot foods can be especially irritating to those nerves. As any smoker on a bender can tell you, excess smoking and drinking alcohol can also cause hiccups. A rapid temperature change outside or inside your stomach, from a cold night or a hot beverage, can be irritating enough to induce hiccups. Finally, emotions — shock, excitement and stress — can also trigger a hiccup fit.
Persistent and intractable hiccups can have more serious causes. There are hundreds, from hysteria to heart attacks, but most fit into one of five categories: central nervous system problems, metabolic problems, nerve irritation, anesthesia or surgery, and mental health issues. Because these causes are so varied and potentially serious, anyone suffering from hiccups for more than 48 hours should head straight to a doctor.

You may click to see also:->Why we hiccup

What Causes hiccups that just won’t go away?

anesthesia – asthma – cancer – fear – fever – foreign body in the ear glaucoma – heart attack – hernia – hysteria – infection – kidney failure meningitis – multiple sclerosis – personality disorders – pharyngitis sedatives – shock – stroke – trauma

The Hiccup Hall of Fame..(Long-term cases)
Persistent or intractable hiccups are more common in men than in women and tend to occur during adulthood. Charles Osborne, who hiccuped for 68 years (1922-1990), earned the Guinness Book of World Records title for Longest Hiccup Attack. A Florida teenager named Jennifer Mee hiccuped for five long weeks in 2007 only to have them return a few weeks later (she is hiccup-free as of this posting). Another Florida resident, Jaime Molisee, hiccuped for more than eight months. David Willis of Northern Ireland has undergone two unsuccessful surgeries in an effort to end his five-year hiccup ordeal.

Phylogenetic hypothesis:
Christian Straus and co-workers at the Respiratory Research Group, University of Calgary, Canada, propose that the hiccup is an evolutionary remnant of earlier amphibian respiration; amphibians such as frogs gulp air and water via a rather simple motor reflex akin to mammalian hiccuping. In support of this idea, they observe that the motor pathways that enable hiccuping form early during fetal development, before the motor pathways that enable normal lung ventilation form; thus according to recapitulation theory the hiccup is evolutionarily antecedent to advanced lung respiration. Additionally, they point out that hiccups and amphibian gulping are inhibited by elevated CO2 and can be completely stopped by the drug Baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist), illustrating a shared physiology and evolutionary heritage. These proposals would explain why premature infants spend 2.5% of their time hiccuping, indeed they are gulping just like amphibians, as their lungs are not yet fully formed.

Amniotic/atmospheric hypothesis:
Ultrasound scans have also shown that babies in-utero experience hiccups. The amniotic/atmospheric hypothesis suggests that hiccups are a muscle exercise for the respiratory system prior to birth, or that they prevent amniotic fluid from entering the lungs. The amniotic/atmospheric hypothesis holds that there are two distinct systems in the brain for controlling respiration: one that is used when the fetus is respiring amniotic fluid during its time in the womb, and another that only comes into use following birth, used for breathing air. Since amniotic fluid is much more viscous than air, a much greater effort is required from the diaphragm to inhale it. If this amniotic breathing system becomes dominant for any reason during life outside the womb, the result will be a momentary, very forceful effort at inhalation. The body senses that things are not correct, and since so much force is actually dangerous to the lungs and other organs, the system is immediately preempted and switched back to the atmospheric system. However, this preemptive control gradually relaxes, making the phenomenon cyclic as long as there is underlying activation of the amniotic respiration system: as the preemptive control falls below the threshold, the amniotic routine resumes control, only to be preempted again, and this cycle continues until the underlying conditions leading to the amniotic breathing activation revert to their normal state – at which point the hiccups stop. This theory is supported by the finding that hiccups are more common in premature newborns, as in these cases the atmospheric respiration system is less prepared to take precedence over the amniotic respiration system.

Signs and symptoms:
The characteristic sound of a hiccup, sometimes preceded by a small tightening sensation in your chest, abdomen or throat, are the only signs and symptoms associated with hiccups. People may have as few as four hiccups a minute or, rarely, as many as 60 hiccups a minute.
How long your hiccup episode lasts determines the type of hiccups you have:

  • Transient or acute hiccups. This is the most common form of hiccups. Transient hiccups include hiccup episodes that last less than 48 hours. Most bouts of transient hiccups last only a few minutes.
  • Persistent hiccups. These hiccups last longer than 48 hours, but less than a month.
  • Intractable hiccups. Hiccups fall into this category when they last more than two months.

Medical treatment:
Ordinary hiccups are cured easily without medical intervention; in most cases they can be stopped simply by forgetting about them. However, there are a number of anecdotally prescribed treatments for casual cases of hiccups. These include being startled, drinking water while upside down, eating something very sweet, or tart (particularly lemon juice), or both , and anything that interrupts one’s breathing. Another method is to exhale air into a small paper bag and to immediately re-inhale that air from it.

Hiccups are treated medically only in severe and persistent (termed “intractable”) cases, such as in the case of a 15 year old girl who in 2007 hiccuped continuously for five weeks. Haloperidol (Haldol, an anti-psychotic and sedative), metoclopramide (Reglan, a gastrointestinal stimulant), and chlorpromazine (Thorazine, an anti-psychotic with strong sedative effects) are used in cases of intractable hiccups. In severe or resistant cases, baclofen, an anti-spasmodic, is sometimes required to suppress hiccups. Effective treatment with sedatives often requires a dose that renders the person either unconscious or highly lethargic. Hence, medicating singultus is done short-term, as the affected individual cannot continue with normal life activities while taking the medication.

Persistent and intractable hiccups due to electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia) may benefit from drinking a carbonated beverage containing salt to normalize the potassium-sodium balance in the nervous system. The carbonation promotes quicker absorption.

The administration of intranasal vinegar is thought to be safe and handy method to stimulate dorsal wall of nasopharynx, where the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (afferent of the hiccup reflex arc) is distributed.

Dr. Bryan R. Payne, a neurosurgeon at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, has had some success with an experimental new procedure in which a vagus nerve stimulator is implanted in the upper chest of patients with an intractable case of hiccups. “It sends rhythmic bursts of electricity to the brain by way of the vagus nerve, which passes through the neck. The Food and Drug Administration approved the vagus nerve stimulator in 1997 as a way to control seizures in some patients with epilepsy. In 2005, the agency endorsed the use of the stimulator as a treatment of last resort for people with severe depression.”

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Op cures year-long hiccups bout

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Home Remedies:

The following are some commonly suggested home remedies. While numerous remedies are offered, they mostly fall into a few broad categories. These categories include purely psychosomatic cures centered around relaxation and distraction, cures involving swallowing and eating (with the rationale generally that this would remove irritants or reset mechanisms in the affected region), and cures involving controlled/altered breathing.

The first two categories may prove effective for many short lived and minor cases of hiccups. For instance, with an assistant applying pressure to one’s ears, drinking any quantity of liquid whilst holding one’s nose is a common home remedy for hiccups. However, those suffering from an intractable case may become desperate sorting through various ineffective home remedies. Many of the cures centered around controlled breathing (i.e. holding breath) are often ineffective for prolonged hiccups crises, but do have a significant efficacy for the most casual, short lasting cases. For these scenarios, the underlying rationale could be the displacement of an irritated nerve through prolonged diaphragmatic expansion.

However, one respiratory remedy has a fairly sound rationale underlying it. Breathing into a bag or small enclosed container (ensuring that it is completely sealed around the mouth and nose) induces a state that is termed respiratory acidosis . The effect is caused by increasing the amount of inspired carbon dioxide, which then increases the level of carbon dioxide in the serum. These increased levels of CO2 lower the pH in the blood, hence creating a state of acidosis. This state of acidosis produces vasodilation and depression of the central nervous system. The effect allows for increased blood flow to the affected muscles, and suppression of the aberrant nervous impulses. Inducing a state of acidemia through hypoventilation is particularly effective in curing hiccups because the diaphragm rests directly against the pulmonary vasculature that is then flowing with especially low pH blood. This is a potentially dangerous action; and should only be done with another person present. As the serum CO2 level rises abruptly, the person will begin to feel lightheaded and within a few minutes will pass out. If done without a spotter, the person might either injure him or herself as he or she passes out, or pass out in such a way that the bag or container continues to prevent oxygen intake (see also asphyxia ).

Additionally, another respiratory remedy appears to be one of the most effective in treating persistent hiccups. One breathes out all the air that he is able to in one long exhalation then breathes in all the air he feels he possibly can in one continuous inhalation. The person then attempts to breathe in even more air in a series of short powerful puffs, until his lungs cannot hold any more. The person remains in this state for as long as he feels a small gas bubble coming at the very base of the throat, ready to be burped. Although the success rate is not 100%, many people find this method consistently works. One scientific explanation for this method is that, by breathing an extreme load of air, the lungs tend to take more space in the chest, applying pressure on the surrounding content. The so-called gas bubble, which was located in an abnormal location potentially disturbing a nerve and causing the spasm, is then released.

Psychosomatic

  • Distraction from one’s hiccup (e.g. being startled, asked a perplexing question, or counting in reverse from 100 down or reciting the alphabet in reverse.)
  • Concentration on one’s hiccups – using sheer will to stop them
  • While standing and concentrating on relaxation, extend the right arm and point with the index finger at a point to your right, and exhale. While inhaling, bring the tip of the index finger to the nose, and hold the breath for a moment – then exhale, dropping the finger away from the nose.

Respiratory

  • Cutting air off from the esophagus. This is done by tipping one’s head forward and downward as far as possible. It usually takes a minute. This usually does not work the first time.
  • Similar to above, tip your head forward and downward as far as comfortably possible and then drink from the opposite side of a cup. (You will be pouring the liquid AWAY from your body and towards your head).
  • “Isometric Breathing”. IE: Breathing slowly and deeply in while thinking ‘breathing out’ and breathing slowly and fully out while thinking ‘breathing in’
  • Holding one’s breath while optionally squeezing one’s stomach
  • Breathing deeply through the nose, then exhaling slowly through the mouth. This is also a Lamage technique.
  • Exhaling all the air from one’s lungs and holding one’s breath while swallowing water or saliva
  • Blowing up a balloon
  • Inducing sneezing
  • Insert fingers in ears and hold breath for as long as possible
  • Take a gulp of water or liquid, hold in mouth, insert fingers in ears and swallow while fingers are still in ears. Repeat a few times.
  • Attempting to burp
  • Take a deep breath and hold it for until you feel the first pain wave, which means that your body has gotten over its hiccup, then wait for second pain wave which indicated you’ve ran out of oxygen, and breathe out
  • Exhaling all the air of one’s lung and holding it until one can (theoretically stops the spasm on the diaphragm).
  • Take a deep breath, hold it for 30 seconds then exhale as slowly as possible while making a growling sound.

Other

  • Make out with someone. The sucking action during deep kisses stops the hiccups.
  • In babies, hiccups are usually immediately stopped by the sucking reflux , either by breastfeeding or simply by insertion of a finger, bottle teat or dummy into the baby’s mouth.
  • Pinch your ear lobe and breathe normally. Can turn into second-nature (psychosmatic).
  • Close your eyes and look up as far as possible.
  • Drinking a good amount of water
  • Take 10 sips of water
  • Chew a spoonful of peanut butter slowly, or put sugar on the tongue.
  • Slowly swallow a spoonful of sugar.
  • Mix sugar into a cup of water and drink slowly
  • Eat a pickle.
  • Press tongue hard against roof of mouth.
  • Digital rectal massage.
  • Plug your ears with your thumbs, and use your pinkies to plug both nostrils and hold your breath until cessation of hiccups.
  • Stick your tongue out for 5 seconds and then exhale and inhale and then suck on your thumb.

Click to see :->How to Get Rid of Hiccups

.Disclaimer: This information is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advise or help. It is always best to consult with a Physician about serious health concerns. This information is in no way intended to diagnose or prescribe remedies.This is purely for educational purpose

Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiccup
http://health.howstuffworks.com/hiccup.htm/printable
http://www.revolutionhealth.com/articles/hiccups/7F6DD57E-E7FF-0DBD-1ABC5BABB890BFAC?section=section_01

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Yoga

Preparatory Movement (Yoga Exercise)

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Yogic practices create lot of strain on different organs or parts of the body, our body should have enough strength to bear this, one should build this stamina with practice. The preparatory movements provide just the same and help you build the necessary strength and prepare the whole body for Yogasana.

Following precautions should be taken while performing these movements –
1. Movements should be without jerk or swings.
2. Movements should be slow and smooth.
3. Movements to be tuned with breathing.

Normal Breathing Principles –
1. When the physical movements is in the direction of gravitational pull, i.e. downwards, exhaling should take place.
2. During upward movement, inhaling should take place.
3. When there is no movement, normal breathing should be resumed.

Preparatory Movements preposition- 

*Stand with 1 to 1.5 feet distance between legs, hands straight and resting the palms on the sides of the thighs, look straight.

*This posture makes balancing of the body easy.

Preparatory Movement 1

 

Preparatory Movement 1 –

1. In preposition, inhaling raise both the hands above the head slowly keeping the distance same between them.

2. Then exhaling slowly start bending down in the waist till the palms touch the ground, keep the head pressed towards the knees.

3. Inhaling raise the waist and take position as in 1.

4. Exhailing bring the arms back to the normal preposition.

Preparatory Movement 2

 

Preparatory Movement 2-

1.In preposition, inhaling raise both the hands from sides, slowly bringing them at shoulder height and parallel to the ground.

2.Then exhaling slowly start bending forward in the waist, touch the thumb of right foot by your left hand, keeping the right arm straight above.

3.Inhaling take position as in 1.

4.Then exhaling slowly start bending forward in the waist, touch the thumb of left foot by your right hand keeping the left arm straight above.

5.Inhaling take position as in 1.

6.Exhaling bring the arms down to the normal preposition.

Preparatory Movement 3

 

Preparatory Movement 3-

1.In preposition, inhaling raise both the hands from sides slowly bringing them at shoulder height and parallel to the ground.

2.Then exhaling slowly start turning to the left in the waist keeping the arms and shoulder in straight line. At the same time keep knees straight and feet firmly on ground.

3.Inhaling take position as in 1.

4.Then exhaling slowly start turning to the right in the waist keeping the arms and shoulder in straight line. At the same time keep knees straight and feet firmly on ground.

5.Inhaling take position as in 1.

6.Exhaling bring the arms down to the normal preposition.

Preparatory Movement 4

 

Preparatory Movement 4 –

1.In preposition, inhaling bring both the hands on waist in such a way that fingers come to the front side and thumb to the back.

2.Then exhaling slowly start bending forwards in the waist keeping knees straight. Try to bring the head between the legs.

3.Inhaling take position as in 1.

4.Then exhaling slowly start bending backwards in the waist keeping knees straight. Try to bend as much as possible and maintain your balance.

5.Inhaling take position as in 1.

6.Exhaling bring the arms down to the initial position.

Preparatory Movement 5

 

Preparatory Movement 5 –

1.In preposition, inhaling bring both the hands on waist in such a way that fingers come to the front side and thumb to the back.

2.Then exhaling slowly start bending the head and the body in the waist to the left keeping knees straight. Pay attention to the right side which gets strain from head to ankle.

3.Inhaling take position as in 1.

4.Then exhaling slowly start bending head and body in the waist to the right, keeping knees straight. Pay attention to the left side which gets strain from head to ankle.

5.Inhaling take position as in 1.

6.Exhaling bring the arms down to the normal preposition.

Preparatory Movement 6

 

Preparatory Movement 6 –

1.In preposition, inhaling bring both the hands on waist in such a way that fingers come to the front side and thumb to the back.

2.Then exhaling slowly bend forward in the waist.

3.Inhaling rotate to the left in the waist and try to attain position no. 2 as in Preparatory Movement 5.

4.Continue inhaling and rotate backwards as in the position 4 in Preparatory Movement 4.

5.Exhaling further rotate to the right and attain the position no. 4.

6.Continue exhaling rotate to the front and take position no.2, as above.

7.Inhaling, rotate to the right and take position no.5 above.

8.Continue inhaling, rotate backwards, and take the position no.4 above.

9.Exhaling further rotate to the left and attain the position no. 3 above.

10.Continue exhaling and rotate to the front and attain the position no. 2 above.

11.Inhaling raise the waist and attain the position no. 1 above.

12.Exhaling bring the hands down to the normal position.

Preparatory Movement 7

 

Preparatory Movement 7 –

1.Bring both the hands on the waist.

2.Bend the neck forward as much as possible. The chin should get fixed into the pit below the Adam’s Apple.

3.Straighten the neck.

4.Bend the neck backward so much that its front side feels the strain.

5.Straighten the neck.

6.Bend the neck on the left shoulder creating pressure on the right side.

7.Straighten the neck.

8.Bend the neck on the right shoulder creating pressure on the left side.

9.Straighten the neck.

10Bring both the hands down and come to the initial position.

Preparatory Movement 8 –

 

Preparatory Movement 8 –

1.Keep both the hands on the waist.

2.Bend the neck forward at ease.

3.Rotate the neck round to the left and have the position No.6 of Preparatory Movement type 7.

4.Rotate the neck further to the back and have the position No.4 of Preparatory Movement type 7.

5.Then rotate the neck to the right and bring it on the right shoulder (Position No. 8 of Preparatory Movement type 7).

6.Rotate the neck down to the front (Position No.2 above).

7.Now start rotating the neck to the right as in Position No.5 above.

8.Rotate the neck further to the back as in Position No.4 above.

9.Then rotate the neck to the left and keep it on the left shoulder as in Position No.3 above.

10Rotate the neck down to the front as in Position No.2 above.

11.Straighten the neck.

12.Bring both the hands down and come to the initial position.

Preparatory Movement 9

 

Preparatory Movement 9 –

1.In preposition, inhaling raise both the hands up above the head as in the position no. 1 in Preparatory Movement 1 .

2.Then exhaling slowly bend forward in the waist and try to touch the fingers to the ground as in the position no. 2 in Preparatory Movement 1, then bring palms together and keep knees straight.

3.Inhaling rotate to the left in the waist and try to attain position no. 2 Preparatory Movement 5.

4.Continue inhaling and rotate backwards as in the position 4 in Preparatory Movement 4.

5.Exhaling further rotate to the right in the same bent position.

6.Continue exhaling rotate to the front and take position no.2 as above.

7.Inhaling, rotate to the right and take position no.5 above.

8.Continue inhaling, rotate backwards, and take the position no.4 above.

9.Exhaling further rotate to the left and attain the position no. 3 above.

10.Continue exhaling and rotate to the front and attain the position no. 2 above.

11.Inhaling raise the waist and arms stretched above your head.

12.Exhaling bring the hands down to the normal position.

Preparatory Movement 10

Preparatory Movement 10-

1.In preposition , inhaling raise both the heels, then hands from front to the shoulder level, keep them parallel to the ground.

2.Then exhaling slowly start bending down in the knees, sit on the toes, try to maintain the balance with the stretched arms.

3.Inhaling raise your body and take position as in 1.

4.Exhaling bring the arms back to the normal preposition.

Preparatory Movement 11

 

Preparatory Movement 11 –

1.Bend the left hand in the elbow and raise it to the level of 90 degree angle. The arms and the elbows be kept close to the body.

2.Catch the wrist of the left hand by the right hand lightly.

3.Close the fingers of the left hand and rotate the wrist slowly from left to right anticlockwise and complete the cycle.

4.Then rotate the wrist of the left hand from right to left clockwise and complete the cycle.

5.Bring the right hand down.

6.Bring the left hand down and take the initial position. Now take up the right hand and repeat the above mentioned process.

Preparatory Movement 12

 

Preparatory Movement 12 –

1.Bend the left leg in the knee and raise it to the level of 90 degree angle.

2.Hold the thigh of the left leg with both the hands and be stable.

3.Now rotate the foot of the left leg in the ankle from left to right anticlockwise and complete the cycle.

4.Then rotate the same foot from the right to left clockwise and complete the cycle.

5.Bring both the hands to their places.

6.Bring the left leg to its place. Now take up the right leg and repeat through the above mentioned process.

 

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Source: http://www.yogapoint.com

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SID and SAD

Death is the end of life, when all brain activity ceases permanently. We all expect to die. But in Nature, the old die before the young, parents before their children. A disruption of this normal sequence results in distress, depression and an inability to cope.

CLICK & SEE....>…...SIDS………..SAD

SAD victims who simply drop dead in the middle of action may have unrecognized underlying risk factors

The unexpected death of a healthy child can be the result of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), also known as  cot death or  crib death  It occurs in a seemingly normal child, usually a male, under the age of one year, who goes to sleep in the night and fails to wake up in the morning.

The immature brains of children do not regulate the heart rate or breathing very efficiently, especially at night. This may be further compromised by exposure to cigarette smoke. Also, the child may be accidentally smothered when parents roll over in their sleep, or it could be that its nose and mouth get blocked by soft, fluffy sheets or pillows.

Parents are, therefore, advised to avoid sleeping in the same bed as the child and to always place the child on the back instead of the stomach. These measures appear to significantly reduce the number of SIDs.

Death in healthy young adults between the ages of 16 and 60 years may be due to accidents or violence. Some like the SIDS infants just  drop dead  or die during their sleep. Their death is sudden, unexpected, tragic and inexplicable.

These unexplained deaths have been grouped together and given the expressive acronym SAD (Sudden Adult Death). More men than women die this way. Some families are even considered cursed, with many economically productive young men in the family dying in the prime of their life.

Autopsies on SAD victims have shown that some of them actually did have unrecognized underlying risk factors. This is particularly true in India where we have many young undiagnosed diabetics and others with metabolic abnormalities of syndrome X (insulin resistance, hypertension, lipid abnormalities). Despite their youth, some had coronary arteries partially blocked with fatty deposits and plaques. In others, the vessels supplying the muscles of the heart arose from abnormal locations. The congenital heart diseases may have been mild enough to remain unrecognized and undiagnosed until it was too late. The efficient functioning of the heart may have been affected by a group of diseases called cardiomyopathies. Infection of the heart muscle (myocardium) with viruses and bacteria may have caused myocarditis. The infection can trigger arrhythmia and death. Some prescription drugs like terfenadine can also set off similar fatal reactions. Unfortunately, as such people appeared healthy and had no symptoms, they were never investigated for risk factors prior to the sudden death.

SAD has been in the news recently because of the discovery that many affected individuals had a  long QT  in their ECG (electrocardiograph). Even if the initial resting ECG is normal, the abnormality shows up on an ECG taken after exercise. These ECG changes are caused by disturbances in the electrical conduction currents of the heart and are inherited. The genetic defects causing this are of various types. The percentage of genetic carriers in the population is probably around 5 to 10 for 100,000 persons. This has lead to speculation that SID and SAD are two spectrums of the same disease.

The defects are commoner in Southeast Asia than in the western countries. The syndrome even has local names bangungutin the Philippines,  pokkuri in Japan and  lai tai in Thailand. It has been known for many centuries, although the precise defect was identified only recently.

About 60 per cent of people with hereditary long QT syndrome has non-specific symptoms like fainting spells or seizures during childhood and adolescence. Around 40 per cent has no symptoms at all and the condition may just present itself with sudden death. Many die in front of family and friends. Unfortunately, from the time the heart stops beating, irreversible brain damage occurs in three to six minutes, followed by coma and death. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may have saved the lives of a few of these people. However, most people do not learn CPR, and others are too stunned by the occurrences to initiate it in time.

Once the long QT is picked up on an ECG, measures can be taken to prevent sudden death. Medications belonging to the beta-blocker group can be started. Certain prescription drugs that prolong the QT can be avoided. Potassium levels in blood need to be monitored as low levels can precipitate death. Some patients may need pacemakers.

Symptoms in persons with a long QT syndrome can be precipitated by physical exertion. The long QT has been implicated in the sudden death of trained Olympic-level athletes. Competitive sports, therefore, are risky and better avoided.

Exercise is good for health, well being, diabetic control and lipid abnormalities, but vigorous action should be undertaken only after medical advice in those with risk factors.

Source: The Telegraph (Kolkata, India)

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Pranayama – A Yoga Breathing Exercise

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Breath and Prana
Breathing is a vital process which starts at the time of birth and stops at the death. The important Oxygen is provided to all the parts, organs and cells of the body. The maximum time a person can survive without oxygen is about 4 minutes. All the metabolic processes require oxygen. Oxygen is life, a vital force. This vital energy is called Prana(the sprit of life)

Definition of Pranayama:
The process of controlling the Prana(life) is called Pranayama. So pranayama is the science related to vital force supplying energy and controlling the body mind complex.Two Sanskrit words are combined in the word ‘Pranayama’ – Prana and Ayama. ‘Prana’ means life or life force. ‘Ayama’ means development or control. Therefore Pranayama is the development and control of life force. It is a form of breathing exercise, very important in yoga. It goes along with the asanas or exercise.

Breath is the life force that sustains life. Nobody can survive more than a few minutes without air. When the breath stops, life ends. The Forefathers of Yoga developed a special system- ‘Pranayama’ to increase, develop and control this life force. Normal breathing use only a fraction of our potential respiratory capacity. Pranayama helps to control this life force in a superior and extra ordinary way to reap maximum benefits.

Breathing is the process of taking in this vital energy and removing the waste products out of our body and mind. Generally breathing includes inhalation and exhalation but pranayama includes retention of breath (known as “Kumbhaka” in Sanskrit) as well. This is a very important process. The air can be retained in the lungs or out of the lungs. The ancient texts say that retention of air, increases the level of prana (energy) in the body, also it regulates the flow of pranic energy through out the body. So pranayama helps remove all the ailments and also can stop the aging process of the body.

All the inside activities of the body are due to the ever going process of combustion or oxidation in the body. And this process of combustion works with the help of the respiration and the blood circulation. Therefore, the moment there is internal or external movement of the body, it affects the process of blood circulation and respiration. As a result of this increasing the speed of the breathing provides the needed oxygen for the concerned movements.

Mind and breath
The mind, consisting of thoughts and emotions is closely related to the breath. When the mind is calm and relaxed, the breathing is smooth and slow. If you are stressed breathing is fast & shallow but mostly through chest. When one gets angry, the breathing becomes fast and forceful, in depressed states sighing, when in pain gasping, in anxiety shallow and rapid. In this way, the mental and emotional states affect breathing.

Since we want to control the breathing after studying the process or system of respiration, it is better to try deep breathing as the first state in that direction. We do not control the process of quiet breathing. But the control is to be exercised while practicing deep breathing. For this, two things are to be considered chiefly:First, the movements concerned with inhaling and exhaling are to be controlled in order to further slow down the breathing, at the same time the need of oxygen for the body is to be lessened, so that the speed of breathing can further, slowdown. The constitution of the body is such that if the need or use of oxygen is not reduced, it becomes difficult or rather impossible to control the process of breathing. The easy way to reduce the need of oxygen is to stop the movements of the body and try to relax all the muscles. Obviously, while practicing deep breathing, it is necessary to keep the body in the stable and relaxed position.

Rhythmic Breathing is Pranayama 
All the processes and organs like heart, brain, digestive organs, endocrine glands in the body have rhythms. Also the breathing has specific rhythms. Pranayama is Rhythmic breathing, bringing the breath in natural rhythm by controlling the process of inhalation, exhalation and retention.

After examining and understanding these basic systems of breathing, we may turn to the supplementary types of breathing: The breathing passage in the nasal cavity is divided into two owing to the mid partition between two nasal cavities, viz. the left and the right.

In Yoga, the left nasal cavity is called Chandra Nadi (The moon passage) or œIda Nadi” and the right nasal cavity is known is “Suryanadi” (The sun passage) or “Pingala Nadi”. Inhaling (Puraka) and Exhaling (Rechaka) can be done either through one of these nasal cavities or with both of them.

Physiology of Yogic breathing
In process of breathing, one uses diaphragm, intercostals muscles in the chest. The diaphragmatic breathing is called vertical breathing and is considered a more efficient way to inhale air than inhaling while expanding the chest which is called horizontal breathing. .
In pranayama, one should utilize the diaphragm efficiently to get more oxygen without making more efforts. The diaphragm is attached to the organs like heart and lungs, also the liver, spleen, pancreas and stomach from the bottom side. Efficient movement of the diaphragm makes the functioning of these organs more efficient.

There are various types of Pranayama. Some of the popular forms are Ujjayee, Shitali, Viloma,  Kapalabhati, Anuloma, Suryabhedana,  Bhastrika etc. There are variations in performing different Pranayamas. Some of them can be done in a sitting position while others in a standing line or sitting position. Some of the Pranayama are difficult and complicated to perform while others are easy.
…
Pranayama can be mastered only gradually. It may take months or even years before the practitioner mind becomes receptive to the regulated flow of breath and he experiences the full benefits of pranayama. Proper practice of pranayama can control almost any disease but improper practice may give rise toall sorts of respiratory ailments. So one should take care to acquire control over his breath gradually.

Click to see:->

*Yogic Breathing & Pranayama
*The Proper Technique Of Brahmari Pranayama
*All About Power Pranayama
*Breathing Is An Integral Part Of Pranayama
*How To Do A Brahmari Pranayama
*brahmari-pranayama-for-migraineurs
*To Beat The Heat, Practice Pranayam
*7 Steps To Complete Pranayam
*Different Types Of Pranayams : The Correct Way To Perform Them
*Eight Supreme Benefits Of Pranayam

Resources:
*yogapoint.com
*http://yoga.am/2009/12/15/one-can-master-the-art-of-pranayama-only-gradually/

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